Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COMPLETE Reagan (REDUCED) > The Nature and Extent of Social Change > Flashcards

The Nature and Extent of Social Change Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Reagan Administration’s attitude towards claiming benefits?

A
  • They saw it as ‘buying into dependency’.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Reagan try and change ‘welfare’ to?

A
  • Workfare.

- Requiring at least one working parent before it paid out family benefit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the effect of Reagan’s policies on welfare provision?
WORKFARE

A
  • Despite government promises of childcare many single parents found childcare impossible to find, making it impossible for them to work.
  • OBRA tightened up previous legislation that provided work projects tied to benefits for welfare claimants.
  • Allowed states to make working on state projects an absolute requirement for welfare payments.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

By January 1987, how many states were running work programmes?

A
  • 42 states.
  • none of them made working on a programme a requirement for benefit, most required the claimants to be looking for work.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was life like for the Poor during the Reagan presidency?

A
  • Between 1981 & 1996 the situation of the poorest American families worsened considerably.
  • Reagan made clear distinctions between ‘deserving poor’ and ‘welfare scroungers’.
  • OBRA finance cuts mainly targeted federal spending projects for the poorest.
  • OBRA altered the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) programme making fewer people eligible and capping payments.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the significance of the ‘Welfare Queen’?

A
  • Reagan repeatedly told the story of a Black woman in Chicago who was defrauding taxpayers out of hundreds of thousands of dollars a year by welfare fraud.
  • A press search never found this woman.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In 1970 how many low-income homes were available to families who applied for them?

A
  • In 1970 there were almost 2.4 million low-income houses available.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In 1985 how many low-income families were qualified to apply for low-income housing?

A
  • 3.7 million families qualified for a low-income home.

- Couldn’t get into one as there were none available.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why was there an issue with providing housing for the poor?

A
  • Reagan’s administration slashed federal funding for low-cost homes.
  • Consequently there was a significant rise in homelessness.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much was the federal government spending on low-cost housing in 1978 and 1989?

A
  • 1978: $32.2 billion.

- 1989: $9.2 billion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the Reagan administration’s approach to dealing with homelessness?

A
  • By the mid-80s Reagan’s administration could no longer ignore the growing homelessness problem.
  • In 1987 Congress pushed through a bill giving some federal help to projects for the homeless.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much funding was given to projects for the homeless in 1984 and 1988?

A
  • 1984= $300 million.

- 1988= $1.6 billion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did the 1987 McKinney Act set up?

A
  • Set up the Federal Emergency Management Food & Shelter programme.
  • It was to be run by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did FEMA do?

A
  • Matched state grants to local homeless projects 50/50 and the state had to choose the project and put the funding in place before any federal money was given.
  • Set up federal housing project for transitional housing (with the possibility of using under-used federal buildings).
  • Gave emergency medical care to the homeless.
  • Provided education for homeless children.
  • Provided job training that favoured homeless veterans.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the 1982 Job Training Partnership Act?

A
  • Shifts job training from federal hands to state and private schemes.
  • Removes any need for trainers to have their incomes made up to the minimum wage.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the 1988 Family Support Act?

A
  • A family is only eligible for benefits if at least one parent is working for at least 16hrs a week.
  • Single parents are expected to finish education and undergo job training, the state to provide childcare.
17
Q

What was the impact of Reagan’s welfare polices on living and working conditions?

A
  • Many federal regulations on working conditions were removed.
  • People felt pressured to take work home in order to be the most productive person. (Reagan’s stress on productivity was emphasised by businesses).
  • Harder for working mothers to hold anything but low-level jobs due to childcare demand. Many were persuaded into part-time or temporary contract work (These workers weren’t part of any benefits and only paid the hours worked).
  • Young people became worse off than their elders had been as two-tier wage structures emerged (more experienced workers would get better pay and benefits for doing the same job as a recent hire)
18
Q

How much average leisure time did workers have a week in 1973 and 1987?

A
  • 1973: 25hrs.

- 1987: 16hrs.

19
Q

What was the impact of Reagan’s polices on minorities?

A
  • Reagan’s desire to cut back on federal involvement meant the administration was unwilling to extend civil rights legislation or push for affirmative action.
  • Abandonment of busing students into various better schools came at the cost of Black and Hispanic Americans.
  • Women’s rights floundered under Reagan who didn’t support the Civil Rights Act and spoke out against abortion.
  • Disagreement over Reagan’s reaction to the AIDS epidemic: some accused him of ignoring the epidemic until his friend died of AIDS. Others point out that he addressed meetings on the epidemic and that the administration provided funding for research in 1982.
  • Many Black Americans often felt like they were apart of a ‘quota’ hire as opposed to being hired on skill alone.
  • Black people felt increasingly less involved in the political environment with the CRM struggling to regain ground.
  • Appointed Sandra Day to the Supreme Court.
20
Q

How many racial discrimination lawsuits were there in Reagan’s first six months versus Nixon’s first six months?

A
  • Nixon= 24

- Regan= 5

21
Q

What percentage of funding was withdrawn from bilingual education by the Reagan government?

A
  • 40% of funding for bilingual education was cut.

- It was ‘in the interests’ of Ethnic minorities to use English as soon as possible.

22
Q

When did the Reagan administration fund AIDS research?

A
  • 1982.
23
Q

What did ‘The Crisis’ (NAACP magazine) point out about the Reagan administration?

A
  • Published in 1982.

- Pointed out that the Reagan administrations inaction was detrimental to all minority groups.

24
Q

What was the impact of Reagan’s polices on business and industry?
CHANGING BUSINESSES

A
  • Reagan’s policies favoured big businesses.
  • Big businesses profited from reduced federal regulation over wages, working hours and working conditions.
  • Deregulation meant that they could buy up or merge with other businesses.
  • In 1983 during a radio broadcast Reagan said his administration was helping small businesses with tax breaks (personal over corporate tax). However, he did admit that many small businesses had gone under in the 1981-1982 recession.
  • Reagan avoided the issue of the rising interest rates on long-term loans that many small businesses held; a key reason as to why they went under.
25
Q

How many new small businesses were formed in the years 1981-1982?

A
  • 500,000.
26
Q

What was the impact of Reagan’s polices on business and industry?
CHANGING FARMS

A
  • Farming was badly affected by high interest rates and federal non-intervention.
  • In the 1970s USA had supplied wheat to the USSR and encouraged farmers to expand (often with increasing loans) and grow wheat with wheat subsidies.
  • After the USSR invaded Afghanistan in 1979 the USA stopped exporting wheat in protest. At the same time interest rates also rose as the money supply was tightened.
  • Many smaller farms failed or were bought out by agri-businesses, or companies that didn’t farm at all.
27
Q

In 1980, 17% of farmers were getting what percentage of the subsidy fund for farmers?

A
  • 60% of the subsidy fund.
28
Q

What was the National Save the Family Farm Coalition?

A
  • Set up in 1986.
  • Set up by farmers themselves.
  • Organised to try and highlight the plight of small family farms to the public.
29
Q

In 1983 how many farms, on average, were being sold a month?

A
  • 500 farms.
30
Q

What were the incidents surrounding farmers?

A
  • Farmers were committing suicide at 4x the rate of any other workers.
  • Incidents of farmers shooting the lenders who called in loans.
31
Q

What was the impact of Reagan’s polices on business and industry?
CHANGING PRODUCTION

A
  • 1980s marked a shift in what the USA produced (Farming and older industries were doing badly against foreign imports which could be made more cheaply).
  • Exports dropped with the change in the value of the dollar.
  • Reagan administration wouldn’t impose tariffs on foreign imports.
  • Towns and cities who relied on older industries for employment were hit badly.
  • Lack of industry impacted the industries that supplied raw materials as demand had dropped.
  • While older industries were failing, new industries were doing well.
  • Reagan’s administration increased spending on the defence industry and accommodated the expansion of newer industries such as the computer industry.
  • These newer technologies were placed in different parts of the country and had a significant impact on population and migration within the USA.
  • Service industries were expanding.
32
Q

What percentage of the population in Baltimore and Cleveland were living below the poverty line?

A
  • Over 20%.

- Unemployment and poverty was impacting both white and non-white people.

33
Q

What was the impact of Reagan’s polices on business and industry?
BI-COASTAL BOOM

A
  • Industries that did well in the 1980s created more employment and people were eager to move to the parts of the country where these industries were located.
  • Fuelled a growth of suburbs in these areas
  • In these areas, people felt like their lives were improving and so were more likely to vote for Reagan and, after him, Bush. For them, the Reagan administration policies had worked.
34
Q

What was the percentage unemployment in California and the States on the East Coast in 1987?

A
  • 5.6%.
35
Q

What was the percentage unemployment for the rest of country besides California and the East Coast in 1987?

A
  • 7.8%.
36
Q

What percentage of all new businesses and all new jobs were in California and the East Coast?

A
  • 75% of new businesses.

- 60% of new jobs.

COMPLETE Reagan (REDUCED) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions