The National Economy Flashcards
How is short-run (actual) growth achieved?
Bringing idle resources into production to increase real GDP/capita.
How is long-run (potential) growth achieved?
Increase in the productive potential of the economy.
Define the trend growth rate.
The rate at which output can grow on a sustained basis without putting pressure on inflation.
List three common policies used to stimulate AD.
- Lower income or corporation tax
- Higher government spending
- Lower interest rates
Define fiscal dividend.
Higher economic growth will raise tax revenues and reduce government spending on unemployment and poverty related welfare benefits.
Why do Keynesian economists argue that short-run growth may not be inflationary?
The economy can be at equilibrium below full employment.
List some possible causes of long term growth.
- Improvements in technology
- Increase in size of labour force
- Education and training
- Enterprise and entrepreneurship
- Improving mobility of FoP
List four benefits of economic growth.
- Improved standard of living
- Reduction in inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth
- Positive impact on government finances
- Cumulative impact
List four costs of economic growth.
- Potential inflationary impacts of short-run growth
- Widening inequality gap
- Depletion of natural resources
- Increased negative externalities (e.g. pollution)
Define unemployed.
Someone of working age, willing and able to work and actively seeking work but can’t find a job.
Define economically inactive.
Someone who is of working age but is neither in work nor actively seeking work.
What are the issues with using the claimant count and Labour Force Survey to measure unemployment?
Claimant Count:
- Difficult to compare across countries
- Some people out of work don’t claim unemployment benefits
Labour Force Survey:
- Sample may not be representative
Define long-term unemployment.
People who have been out of work for at least one year.
Define under-employment.
Workers willing to supply more hours of work than their employers are prepared to offer.
Define hidden-employment.
People who have stopped looking for work (demotivated) or work less than they want to. Not counted in government reports.
