The Nano World and Gene Therapy

Question 1

The greek word for dwarf

Answer 1

Nano

Question 2

The prefix nano means?

Answer 2

A factor of one billionth (10^-9) in the metric system

Question 3

Philippine Priorities for Nanotechnology

Answer 3

1. Nano-based Technologies/Materials
2. Nanosesors and Nanodiagnostics (Food, Agriculture and Forestry, and Health)
3. Nanosensors and Diagnostics (Materials Testing Laboratory)
4. Nanostructured Solar Energy Devices and Storage

Question 4

Philippine Priorities for Nanotechnology:
For Water and Waste Water Purification, and Nano – based Engineering/ Industrial Materials

Answer 4

Nano-based Technologies / Materials

Question 5

Nanosensors and Nanodiagnostics: for detection of contaminants

Answer 5

Food

Question 6

Nanosensors and Nanodiagnostics: for detection of diseases

Answer 6

Agriculture and Forestry

Question 7

Nanosensors and Nanodiagnostics: for Filipino ethnicity-based nanodiagnostics

Answer 7

Health

Question 8

Philippine Priorities for Nanotechnology:
For National Solar Cell R&D Testing Facility

Answer 8

Nanostructured Solar Energy Devices and Storage

Question 9

Applications of Nanotechnology

Answer 9

• Medicine
• Electronics
• Environment
• Consumer Products
• Sporting Goods

Question 10

Introduction of genes into existing cells

Answer 10

Gene Therapy

Question 11

Correcting defective genes responsible for disease development

Answer 11

Gene Therapy

Question 12

Type of cell that can divide over and over and produce more stem cells as well as descendant cells that turn into different types of cells.

Answer 12

Stem Cell

Question 13

Examples of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy

Answer 13

o Somatic Cell Gene Therapy
o Germ Line Gene Therapy

Question 14

Two Conceptual Distinctions Central to Understand the Ethical Issues of Gene Therapy

Answer 14

1. Therapy vs. Enhancement
2. Somatic vs. Germ Line Gene Therapy

Question 15

Ethical Issue of Gene Therapy:

Gene therapy should be therapy, rather than enhancement

Answer 15

Therapy vs Enhancement

Question 16

Ethical Issue of Gene Therapy:

Most somatic therapies will probably require repeated applications, much like ordinary pharmacological treatments

Answer 16

Somatic vs. Germ Line Gene Therapy

Question 17

Used to refer to objects with dimensions on the order of 1-100 nanometers.

Answer 17

Nanoscale

Question 18

concentrated on particles with at least 1 dimension of less than 100 nanometers.

Answer 18

Nanotechnology

Question 19

A field of research and innovation concerned with building things generally, materials and devices on the scale of atoms and molecules.

Answer 19

Nanotechnology

Question 20

Tasked to oversee government-funded research and development funding in this nanotechnology.

Answer 20

DOST

Question 21

The ability of nanotechnology to be able to influence medicine is called

Answer 21

Nanomedicine

Question 22

Innovations of Nanotechnology in electronics

Answer 22

1. Increase capabilities of electronics while reducing weight and power consumption
2. Increase density of memory chips
3. Reduces the size of transistors that is used in integrated circuits

Question 23

The first scientific word involving gene transfer was described in

Answer 23

1944

Question 24

Gene Therapy involved two strains of pneumococcus;

Answer 24

Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic

Question 25

The idea of anticipating the in vitro culture or germ cells genetically engineered to obtained direct control of these cells by selecting and integrating genes in human chromosomes arose when?

Answer 25

1963

Question 26

The first successful in vitro gene correction in
mammalian cells using a viral vector as a vehicle to transport the genetic material occurred in?

Answer 26

1977

Question 27

In 1989, the first clinical trial of human gene therapy was performed using a viral vector in five patients with?

Answer 27

Metastic Melanoma (a type of skin cancer)

Question 28

Category of Somatic Cell Gene Therapy which means exterior; where cells are modified or treated outside the body and then transplanted back in again.

Answer 28

Ex Vivo

Question 29

Category of Somatic Cell Gene Therapy which means inferior; where genes are changed in cells still in the body. The gene is transferred to cells inside the patient’s body.

Answer 29

In Vivo

Question 30

Difference of therapy and enhancement

Answer 30

Therapy: fixing a problem
Enhancement: Changing or improving something better that is not a problem

Question 31

Favorable risk-benefit balance:

Beneficence involves the balancing the benefits of treatment against the risks and cost-involved while non-maleficence means avoiding the causation of harm.

Answer 31

Principle of beneficence/non-maleficence

Question 32

Informed Consent:

Patient is able to make an informed and voluntary decision about accepting or declining a therapy.

Answer 32

Principle of respect for persons

Question 33

Fairness in selecting research subjects:

This principle of justice gives rise to more requirements that there be fair procedures and outcomes in the selection of research subjects

Answer 33

Principle of Justice

Question 34

Special class of cells characterized by their ability to self-renew or multiply to generate same kind of cells and produce progenitor cells

Answer 34

Stem Cells

Question 35

Uncommitted and it remains uncommitted until it receives a signal to develop into a specialized cell

Answer 35

Stem Cells

Question 36

Use of stem cells to treat
or prevent a disease or condition

Answer 36

Stem Cell Therapy