The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the musculoskeletal system made up of?
It is made up of bones, joints, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
What are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system?
The main function is to provide structure, support, movement, and protect internal organs.
What diseases can affect the musculoskeletal system?
Diseases include gout, osteoporosis, fractures, and osteoarthritis.
How many bones are in the skeletal system?
A collection of 206 bones are connected by cartilage, tendons, muscles, and ligaments.
How many bones do children have initially?
Children have around 350 bones initially, which fuse together as they grow.
What is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton makes up 80 bones and includes the skull, ribs, vertebral column, and sternum.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones that form the pelvis, clavicle, scapula, arms, and legs.
What are long bones?
Long bones, such as the femur, act as levers for joints and provide the majority of the appendicular skeleton.
What are short bones?
Short bones are classified as being wider than long, such as carpals and tarsals.
What are irregular bones?
Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae, have an irregular shape.
What are flat bones?
Flat bones are flat, for example, the sternum.
What are sesamoid bones?
Sesamoid bones are round and support tendons and joints, such as the patella.
What are joints?
Joints are points of contact between two bones that hold the bones together and allow flexibility and movement.
How are joints classified?
Joints are classified by function and structure.
What are fibrous joints?
Fibrous joints are fixed joints designed to limit movement, such as the skull plates.
What are cartilaginous joints?
Cartilaginous joints can either be heavily involved in growth or connect two bones permanently, such as the pelvis.
What are synovial joints?
Synovial joints are the most common joints in the body, providing unlimited movement, such as in the shoulder and arms.
What are osteocytes?
Osteocytes are influenced by hormones to maintain the bone matrix and are the main mass producers.
What do osteoblasts do?
Osteoblasts secrete substances that promote the formation of bone crystals that form the bone matrix.
What do osteoclasts do?
Osteoclasts secrete acids and bone digestive hormones, acting as bone destroyers, for example, osteolysis.
What is osseous tissue?
Osseous tissue helps bind specific cells so that they harden via mineralization in the presence of calcium phosphate.
What is compact bone?
Compact bone is made up of cylinders that run parallel to the long dimension of weight-bearing bones.
What is spongy bone?
Spongy bone is made up of small needle-like structures and open spaces found at the end of long bones.
What are ligaments?
Ligaments are flexible bands that connect bones or cartilage together, strengthening and stabilizing the joints.
