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Intro to Veterinary Technician- Anatomy and Physiology 1 > The Muscular System- Extrinsic Muscles > Flashcards

The Muscular System- Extrinsic Muscles Flashcards

Extrinsic Muscles of the thoracic limb and related areas

1
Q

List the Subcutaneus Muscle

A

Cutaneous truncii

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2
Q

List the 8 Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb

A
  1. Superficial pectoral
    A. Transverse
    B. Descending
  2. Deep pectoral
  3. Brachiocephalicus
    A. Cleidobrachialis
    B. Cleidomastoideus
    C. Cleidocervicalis
  4. Omotransversarius
  5. Trapezius
  6. Rhomboideus(Rh.)
    A. Capital/ Rh. capitis
    B. Cervical/ Rh. cervicis
    C. Thoracic/ Rh. thoracis
  7. Latissimus dorsi
  8. Serratus ventralis
    A. Cervical part
    B. Thoracic part
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3
Q

List the 2 muscles of the head and neck

A
  1. Sternocephalicus
    A. Sternomastoideus
    B. Sterno-occipitalis
  2. Platysma
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4
Q

List the 4 muscles of mastication (chewing)

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Digastricus
  4. Mylohyoideus
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5
Q

Attachment

A

The junction of a skeletal muscle to bone.

3 types:
A. Tendon
B. Aponeurosis
C. Fleshy

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6
Q

Tendon

A

An extension of the epimysium that consists of dense connective cord-like tissue

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7
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue much like the tendon but organized into a thin sheet of tissue

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8
Q

Fleshy

A

An apparent direct attachment of muscle to the bone. The muscle is in fact attached to the periosteum of the bone by very short tendons

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9
Q

Origin

A

The attachment at the less movable end of the muscle or usually the more proximal end

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10
Q

Insertion

A

The attachment at the more movable end of the muscle; in the limbs this is usually the most distal end

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11
Q

Action

A

The body movement that a contraction of the muscle will produce

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12
Q

Umbilicus

A

A small flat or slightly raised scar on the ventral midline of the abdomen approx. 1/3 the dist. From the xiphoid cartilage to the penis or vulva; serves as a landmark when abdominal surgery is performed

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13
Q

Teats; Mammary Papillae; Mammae

A

They are positioned in 2 rows on either side of the abdomen and are usually divided into thoracic, abdominal & inguinal. Tomcat-2
Queen-8
Dogs-8 to12

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14
Q

Costal Arch

A

Caudal ventral border of the rib cage formed by the costal cartilages of the 10th, 11th & 12th ribs; the 13th rib does not attach to the costal arch.

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15
Q

Origin of Descending Superficial Pectoralis muscle

A

The smaller portion of the superficial pectoralis arises from the first 2 sternebrae and it’s fibers run in a craniolateral direction.

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16
Q

Origin of Transverse Superficial pectoralis muscle

A

The larger transverse portion originates on the first 2 or 3 sternebrae; the fibers run more transversely

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17
Q

Origin of Superficial Pectoralis muscle

A

Cranial sternum

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18
Q

Insertion of Superficial pectoralis muscle

A

descending and transverse portions both insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus

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19
Q

Action of Superficial pectoralis muscle

A

Adducts the thoracic limb

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20
Q

Origin-Cranial sternum

Insertion- Greater tubercle of the humerus

Action- adducts the thoracic limb

A

Superficial Pectoralis muscle

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21
Q

Origin of Omotransversarius muscle

A

Wing of the atlas

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22
Q

Insertion of Omotransversarius muscle

A

Spine & Acromion of Scapula

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23
Q

Action of Omotransversarius muscle

A

Advances the limb and/or pulls the head & neck to the side

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24
Q

Transect the Omotransversarius muscle through its middle to observe what?
Hint-Found in the fascia medial to this muscle & cranial to the scapula.

A

The superficial cervical lymph node.

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25
What is the Origin of the Trapezius muscle
The dorsal aspect of the neck and thorax
26
What is the insertion of the Trapezius muscle
Spine of the Scapula
27
What is the action of the Trapezius muscle
Elevates and abducts the forelimb
28
Origin- dorsal aspect of the neck & thorax Insertion- Spine of the scapula Action- Elevates and abducts forelimb
Trapezius Muscle
29
What are the 2 portions of the Trapezius muscle called? Where are they located?
Cervical portion- lies Cranial to Scapular Spine Thoracic Portion- lies Caudal to the Scapular spine
30
Where is the Rhomboideus Muscle located and what does it hold?
Lies beneath the trapezius muscle. Holds the dorsal border of the scapula close to the body
31
What is the insertion of the Rhomboideus muscle?
dorsal border of the scapula and/or it's cartilage
32
What are the 3 parts of the Rhomboideus muscle?
Capital-rhomboideus capitis Cervical-rhomboideus cervicis Thoracic-rhomboideus thoracis
33
Origin of the rhomboideus capitis?
nuchal crest of the occipital bone
34
Origin of the rhomboideus cervicis?
median fibrous tissue on the dorsal aspect of the neck
35
Origin of the rhomboideus thoracis?
spinous process of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae
36
Action of the rhomboideus muscle?
elevates forelimb
37
In horse and cattle the rhomboideus muscle only has 2 parts:
thoracic & cervical
38
Origin of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
spinous process of the lumbar & the last 7 or 8 thoracic vertebrae
39
Insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
teres major tuberosity of the humerus & the teres major tendon
40
Action of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
draws limb caudally; flexes the shoulder joint
41
Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
Large muscle that lies caudal to the scapula & covers much of the thoracic wall
42
Serratus ventralis muscle?
this large muscle acts as a sling to support the body between the forelegs
43
How many parts does the serratus ventralis muscle have and what are they called?
2 parts Cervical part Thoracic part
44
Origin of the Cervical part of the Serratus Ventralis muscle?
cervical vertebrae
45
Origin of the Thoracic part of the Serratus Ventralis muscle?
ribs
46
Insertion of the Serratus Ventralis muscle?
the serrated face on the dorsomedial aspect of the scapula
47
Action of the Serratus Ventralis muscle?
supports the trunk & depresses the scapula
48
Where does the name Serratus come from?
The serrated appearance of the muscle on the ventral aspect of the thoracic portion
49
Origin- -Cervical part-cervical vertebrae -Thoracic part- ribs Insertion- serrated face on the dorsomedial aspect of the scapula Action- supports the trunk & depresses the scapula
Serratus Ventralis Muscle
50
Origin- 1: nuchal crest of the occipital bone 2: median fibrous tissue on the dorsal aspect of the neck 3: spinous process of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae Insertion-dorsal border of the scapula and/or it's cartilage Action- elevates forelimb
Rhomboideus muscle 1: Capital; rhomboideus capitis 2: Cervicle; rhomboideus cervical 3: Thoracic; rhomboideus thoracis
51
Origin- spinous process of the lumbar & last 7 or 8 thoracic vertebrae Insertion- teres major tuberosity of the humerus & the teres major tendon Action- draws limb caudally; flexes the shoulder joint
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
52
Origin of the Deep Pectoral muscle?
Sternum
53
Insertion of the Deep pectoral muscle?
Cats- Crest of the greater tubercle Dog- primarily the lesser tubercle of the humerus w/ some attachment to the greater tubercle
54
Action of the Deep Pectoral muscle?
Adducts the limb & pulls the limb caudally
55
Origin- Sternum Insertion- Cats- Crest of the greater tubercle Dog- primarily the lesser tubercle of the humerus w/ some attachment to the greater tubercle Action- Adducts the limb & pulls the limb caudally
Deep Pectoral Muscle
56
foreleg
brachium
57
The brachiocephalicus forms the upper margin of the _____________ in animals.
Jugular groove
58
This tendinous region , which is considered the origin of the Brachiocephalicus muscle, is a vestige of the clavicle found in humans.
Clavicular Intersection
59
Origin of the Brachiocephalicus Muscle?
Clavicular Intersection
60
The Brachiocephalicus MM. splits into how many parts? What are they called?
3 parts: -Cleidobrachialis & Cleidocephalicus* Which splits into: -Cleidomastoideus -Cleidocervicalis * horses only have 2 Cleidobrachialis & Cleidocephalicus
61
Insertion of Cleidobrachialis part of the Brachiocephalicus MM.?
the cranial humerus cats- ulna
62
Insertion of Cleidomastoideus part of the Brachiocephalicus MM.?
the mastoid process of the temporal bone
63
Insertion of Cleidocervicalis part of the Brachiocephalicus MM.?
dorsal neck
64
For the Brachiocephalicus MM., the region from the clavicle to the foreleg is called?
Cleidobrachialis
65
For the Brachiocephalicus MM., the region from the clavicle to the head is called?
Cleidocephalicus
66
What does Cleidocephalicus split into?
Cleidomastoideus & Cleidocervicalis
67
Action of Brachiocephalicus MM?
pulls the limb forward, extends the shoulder, depresses & pulls the head and neck laterally
68
What is the name of the MM. that is a compound Y-shaped MM. w/ 3 parts?
Brachiocephalicus MM.
69
What is the jugular groove and what muscles make it?
It is a landmark groove, for the jugular vein, running the length of the ventral side of the neck. Brachiocephalicus MM.(Upper margin) & Sternocephalicus MM. (lower margin)
70
Origin of the Sternocephalicus MM.
Sternum
71
Insertion of the Sernomastoideus part of the Sternocephalicus MM.?
Mastoid part of the Occipital bone
72
Insertion of the Sterno-occipitalis part of the Sternocephalicus MM.?
nuchal crest of the occipital bone
73
Insertion of the Sternocephalicus MM. in horses?
Occipital bone* * In horses this MM. does not split
74
Action of the Sternocephalicus MM.?
depresses the head & neck and/or draws the head & neck to the side
75
Origin of Platysma MM.?
dorsal tendinous raphe at the dorsal midline
76
Insertion of the Platysma MM.?
fibers of this muscle attach to the muscles surrounding the lips
77
Action of the Platysma MM.?
Draws the commissures of the lips caudally
78
Origin- Sternum Insertion- 1- mastoid part of the occipital bone 2- nuchal crest of the occipital bone 3- Occipital bone Action- depresses the head & neck and/or - draws the head & neck to the side *In horses this MM. does not split
Sternocephalicus MM. 1-Sternomastoideus part 2- Sterno-occipitalis part 3- Sternocephalicus MM.
79
Origin- dorsal tendinous raphe at the dorsal midline Insertion- fibers of this muscle attach to the muscles surrounding the lips Action- draws the commissures of the lips caudally
Platysma MM.
80
Platysma MM.
-well-developed sheetlike muscle -one of the major cutaneus muscles of the neck & head -usually tightly adherent to the skin
81
Temporalis MM.
-largest MM. on head -found on the lateral & dorsal aspects of the skull -prominent between ears & extends down into the temporal fossa of the skull
82
Origin of Temporalis MM.?
Parietal bone of the skull
83
Insertion of temporalis MM.?
Coronoid process of mandible
84
Action of the Temporalis MM.?
closes the mouth when chewing -elevates mandible -moves mandible laterally
85
Origin- Parietal bone of the skull Insertion- Coronoid process of mandible Action- closes mouth when chewing
Temporalis MM.
86
Origin of Masseter MM.?
zygomatic arch
87
Insertion of Masseter MM.?
lateral side of the mandible
88
Action of Masseter MM.?
elevates the mandible to close the mouth when chewing
89
Masseter MM.?
-lg. MM. found ventral to the zygomatic arch -makes up cheek region of cat -lies on the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible -covered in aponeurosis -consists of 3 layers whose fibers run in 3 diff. directions
90
Digastricus MM.?
- thin superficial straplike MM. - found along the ventral caudal edge of the mandible
91
Origin of Digastricus MM.?
occipital and temporal bones
92
Insertion of Digastricus MM.?
ventral mandible
93
Action of Digastricus MM.?
opens mouth
94
Mylohyoideus MM.?
-forms a sling for the tongue -thin muscular sheet -fibers run in a transverse direction
95
Origin of Mylohyoideus MM.?
medial surface of the mandible
96
Insertion of Mylohyoideus MM.?
ventral median raphe between the bones of the mandible
97
Action of Mylohyoideus MM.?
raises the floor of the mouth
98
Origin- medial surface of the mandible Insertion- ventral median raphe between the bones of the mandible Action- raises the floor of the mouth
Mylohyoideus MM.
99
Origin- occipital & temporal bones Insertion- ventral mandible Action- opens mouth
Digastricus MM.
100
Origin- zygomatic arch Insertion- lateral side of the mandible Action- elevates the mandible to close the mouth when chewing
Masseter MM.
101
Masticatory Myositis
-an inflammatory disease in dogs that affects the muscles of mastication -treatment usually involves steroids
102
Raphae
-a ridged union of continous biological tissue
103
Head
Cephalo-
104
Sternum
Sterno-

Intro to Veterinary Technician- Anatomy and Physiology 1 (4 decks)

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