THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
MUSCLE
-GENERAL TERM FOR CONTRACTILE TISSUE
-MUS IS LATIN FOR MOUSE, THE MOVEMENT OF MUSCLES LOOK LIKE MICE UNDER YOUR SKIN
-UNDER THE DIRECTION THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS AND RELAXES TO PROVIDE MOVEMENT
3 MAJOR MUSCLES IN THE BODY
-SKELETAL
-SMOOTH
-CARDIAC
SKELETAL MUSCLES
-VOLUNTARY MUSCLES UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL AND DERIVE THEIR NAME FROM THE ATTACHMENT OF THE MUSCLE TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM.
-FIBERS IN THE SKELETAL SYSTEM APPEAR TO BE STRIPED OR STRIATED
-THESE MUSCLES ALLOW RUNNING, LIFTING, SCRATCHING
-THESE ARE THE MUSCLES WE TRY TO GET WHEN WORKING OUT
SMOOTH MUSCLE
-INVOLUNTARY AND NOT UNDER OUR CONCIOUS CONTROL
- SMOOTH BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAVE STRIPED APPEARANCE OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
-FOUND IN CERTAIN ORGANS, BLOOD VESSELS AND AIRWAYS
-SOMETIMES CALLED VISCERAL MUSCLES BECAUSE FOUND IN CERTAIN ORGANS
-ALLOWS FOR INTERNAL MOVEMENT OF FOOD (PERISTALSIS) IN THE CASE OF THE STOMACH AND THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS
-ALSO FACILITATES THE MOVEMENT OF BLOOD BY CHANGING THE DIAMETER OF THE ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS (VASOCONSTRICTION AND VASODILATION)
-ALSO THE MOVEMENT OF AIR BY CHANGING THE DIAMETER IN AIRWAYS IN OUR LUNGS
CARDIAC MUSCLE
- INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
- HAS STRIATED APPEARANCE
- FOUND SOLEY IN HEART
- MAKES UP THE WALLS OF THE HEART AND CAUSES THE HEART TO CONTRACT WHICH CAUSE THE INTERNAL MOVEMENT (CIRCULATION) OF BLOOD WITHIN THE BODY
TONUS
THE PARTIAL CONTRACTION OF A MUSCLE WITH A RESISTANCE TO STRETCHING
HYPERTROPHY
REFERS TO INCREASED GROTH OR DEVELOPEMENT
FLACCID
WHEN MUSCLES ARE NOT USED THEY BEGIN TO LOSE THEIR TONE AND BECOME SOFT AND FLABBY
ATROPHY
MUSCLES WASTE AWAY IF NOT USED FOR EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME FROM LACK OF USE
EXTENSIBILITY
THE ABILITY TO BE STRETCHED
MUSCLE EXCITABILITY
MUSCLE RESPONSE TO STIMULATION BY EITHER NERVES OR HORMONES
MUSCLE ELASTICITY
THE ABILITY TO RETURN BACK TO ORIGINAL LENGTH AFTER BEING STRETCHED
SKELETAL MUSCLES
ARE ATTACHED TO BONES OF THE SKELETON AND PROVIDE MOVEMENT FOR YOUR BODY
TENDONS
ARE FIBROUS TISSUES THAT ATTACH SKELETAL MUSCLE TO BONES
LIGAMENTS
ATTACH BONE TO BONE
APONEUROSIS
BROAD SHEET OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT MUSCLES USE SO THEY CAN ATTACH TO A BONE OR SOFT TISSUE WITHOUT A TENDON (IN BACK MUSCLES AND FACIAL MUSCLES)
STRAIN
INJURY CAUSED BY OVERSTRETCHING THE TENDONS OR THE MUSCLES
A SEVERE STRAIN, USUALLY A COMPLETE MUSCLE OR TENDON TEAR WILL RESULT IN SEVERE PAIN, SWELLING, SEVERE BRUISING, AND OFTEN COMPLETE LOSS OF MOVEMENT
PULLED MUSCLE
SLIGHT OVERSTRETCH TO COMPLETE MUSCLE TEAR OR TENDON RAPTURE
TENDONITIS OR TENDINITIS
CHRONIC TENDON INJURIES
-RARELY INFLAMATION
-CAUSED BY OVER USE, REPETITIVE MOTION OR UNTREATED ACUTE INJURIES (TENDINITIS)
-NON INFLAMATION PATIENT, TREATMENT INCLUDES P.R.I.C.E (PROTECTION)
TENDINOSIS
DETERIORATION OF THE TENDONS DUE TO FAILURE TO REPAIR ITSELF AFTER INJURY, LEADS TO BREAKDOWN AND SCARING OF TISSUES.
-SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE IS EXPERIENCED ONCE IT HAS ADVANCED.
-SYMPTOMS INCLUDE PAIN, TENDERNESS AND STIFFNESS
SHIN SPLINTS
COMMON RUNNING RELATED INFLAMATORY INJURY OF THE EXTENSOR MUSCLES AND SURROUNDING TISSUES OF THE LEGS.
-CAN BE TREATED WITH REST, LOWER INTENSITY OF EXERCISE, ICE, BETTER FOOTWARE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATION
MYALGIA
PAIN OR TENDERNESS IN MUSCLE
FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME
CHRONIC PAIN FOR DURATION OF 3 MONTHS, BILATERAL TENDERNESS, FATIGUE , SLEEP DISORDERS, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND EXERCISE INTOLERANCE.
-MOST COMMON IN WOMEN
-NO INFLAMMATION INVOLVED
AGONISTS OR PRIMARY MOVERS
MUSCLES OR MUSCLE GROUPS THAT CAUSE MOVEMENT
POINT OF ORIGIN
THE END OF THE MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE STATIONARY BONE
POINT OF INSERTION
THE MUSCLE END THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE MOVING BONE
SYNERGISTIC
OTHER MUSCLES THAT ASSIST WITH MOVEMENT LIKE MUSCLES IN HAND AND WRIST
ANTAGONISTS
MUSCLES THAT CAUSE MOVEMENT IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION
DIAPHRAM
DOME SHAPED MUSCLE THAT SEPARATES THE ABDOMINAL AND THORACIC CAVITIES AND HELPS BRING ATMOSPHERIC AIR INTO OUR LUNGS
ROTATION
CIRCULAR MOVEMENT THAT OCCURS AROUND AXIS OR MOVING HEAD LEFT TO RIGHT, RIGHT TO LEFT.
ABDUCTION
TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE BODY
EX: POINTING
ADDUCTION
BRINGING ARM BACK DOWN TOWARD BODY
EX: ARM BACK DOWN FROM POINTING
EXTENSION
INCREASING ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES AT A JOINT.
EX: EXTENDING LEG DURING KICK
EXTENSOR MUSCLE
IS THE MUSCLE THAT STRAIGHTENS THE JOINT
FLEXION
OPPOSITE OF EXTENSION, DECREASE THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES.
EX: WHEN YOU BEND YOUR LEGS TO SIT DOWN
FLEXOR MUSCLE
MUSCLE THAT BENDS THE JOINT DURING FLEXION
ATAXIA
CONDITION OF IRREGULAR MOVEMENT AND LACK OF MUSCLE COORDINATION
KINESIOLOGIST
ONE WHO STUDIES MOVEMENT
KINESIOTHERAPY
ONE WHO CAN PERFORM THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT
EPIMYSIUM
a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle.
PERIMYSIUM
The sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.
ENDOMYSIUM
the delicate connective tissue surrounding the individual muscular fibers within the smallest bundles.
MYOFIBRILS
rod-like organelle of a muscle cell INSIDE MUSCLE FIBER, bundles of protein THREADS that contain the contractile elements of the cardiomyocyte, that is, the machinery or motor that drives contraction and relaxation.
SACROMERES
CONTRACTILE UNITS. IS RESPONSIBLE FOR EACH FIBLER HAVING THE ABILITY TO CONTRACT
MYOFILAMENTS
TWO FIBERS, THICK AND THIN FOUND IN SACROMERES
MYOSIN
PROTEIN THAT THICK MYOFILAMENT IS MADE UP OF
ACTIN
PROTEIN THE THIN MYOFILAMENTS IS MADE UP OF
Z LINES
DARK BANDS GIVE STRIATED APPEARANCE TO THE SKELETAL MUSCLE
DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
GENETIC INCURABLE MYOPATHY (MUSCLE DISEASE), MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD FORM OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY ESPECIALLY IN BOYS AND IS CAUSED BY A MISTAKE IN THE GENE FOR A PROTEIN CALLED DYSTROPHIN. WITHOUT DYSTROPHIN MUSCLE DEGENERATION WILL OCCUR
All types of muscle—smooth, cardiac, and skeletal—are affected.
ELECTROMYOGRAM
A TEST OF MUSCLE GROUP THAT IS STIMULATED USING ELECTRICAL IMPULSE THAT CAUSE CONTRACTION. THE STRENGTH OF CONTRACTION IS RECORDED.
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
IS ENERGY MOLECULE ALONG WITH CALCIUM IS NEEDED FOR CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION
SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM (SR)
MODIFIED ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, WHERE CALCIUM IS RELEASED FROM SR ALLOWING ACTIN, MYOSIN AND ATP TO INTERACT WHICH CAUSES CONTRACTION
RIGOR MORTIS
When a body dies, all the stored calcium cannot be pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, excess calcium remains in the muscles throughout the body and causes the muscle fibers to shorten (contract) and stiffen the whole body. In addition, ATP is not present in a dead body to break the cross-bridges.
MYASTHENIA
MUSCLE WEAKNESS. a rare chronic autoimmune disease marked by muscular weakness without atrophy, and caused by a defect in the action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.
MOTOR UNIT
A MOTOR NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT STIMULATES
ACETYLCHOLINE
A NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT DIFFUSES ACROSS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT OCCURING IN THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION.
LIGAND GATED
A CHANNEL THAT OPENS AND CLOSES WHEN A MOLECULE BINDS TO A RECEPTOR THAT IS PART OF THE CHANNEL LIKE A KEY FITTING A LOCK.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (ASE MEANS BREAKDOWN)
ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEAN UP OF SYNAPSE
TETANUS (LOCKJAW)
A MUSCLE DISORDER CAUSED BY AN UNTREATED BACTERIAL INFECTION OF A WOUND
GLYCOGEN
RESERVED USABLE ENERGY SOURCE IF NEEDED. WHEN NEEDED THE MUSCLE CAN CONVERT GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE.
FERMENTATION
A PROCESS USED BY THE BODY FOR INTENSE EXERCISE TO BREAK DOWN GLUCOSE AND PROVIDE ATP.
LESS EFFICIENT THAN USING GLUCOSE AND ONLY PROVIDES ENERGY FOR SHORT PERIOD OF TIME BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN.
LACTID ACID
BUILDS UP IN MUSCLES, CAUSING TEMPORARY MUSCLE FATIGUE, OR WEAKNESS.
OXYGEN DEBT
When the body lacks the necessary oxygen to complete the process of respiration and eliminate the lactic acid,
PHYSICAL THERAPIST
PROFESSIONALS (PT’S) PERFORM MANY THERAPIES, SUCH AS RANGE-OF-MOTION (ROM) EXERCISES, TO ENSURE FULL MUSCLE MOVEMENT.
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS (OTs)
ASSIST CLIENTS IN USING AND ADAPTING THEIR MUSCLE FUNCTION TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE
VISCERAL MUSCLE OR SMOOTH MUSCLE
FOUND IN ALL HOLLOW ORGANS SUCH AS THE STOMACH AND OTHER DIGESTIVE ORGANS, AND BLOOD VESSELS AND BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS. BUT NOT THE HEART
VASOLILATE
ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS GET LARGER IN DIAMETER
VASOCONSTRICT
ARTERIAL BLOOD VESSELS GET SMALLER IN DIAMETER
SPHINCTER
SPECIAL TYPE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE THAT IS FOUND THROUGHOUT YOUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. FOUND BETWEEN MAJOR DIGESTIVE ORGANS, BETWEEN THE ESOPHAGUS, AND STOMACH. DOUGHNUT-SHAPED MUSCLES AND ACT AS DOORWAYS TO LET MATERIALS IN AND OUT BY CONTRACTING AND RELAXING LIKE A DOOR OPENING AND THEN CLOSING.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
MAKE UP THE WALLS OF THE HEART, CONTRACTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE SQUEEZES BLOOD OUT OF THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART CAUSING BLOOD TO CIRCULATE THROUGH YOUR BODY.
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
INTERCALATED DISCS
IS WHAT CONNECTS CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBERS TOGETHER
gap junctions that link adjacent cardiac muscles so that electrical impulses can travel between cells and causes to contract almost simultaneously
