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The Muscular System > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are muscles?

A

Muscles are composed of many bundles of stringy fibres bound together in bunches

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2
Q

Three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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3
Q

Origin

A

Fixed end of a muscle

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4
Q

Insertion

A

Moving end of the muscle

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5
Q

Action

A

The job or function of the muscle

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6
Q

Tone

A

Contraction and relaxing of muscles.

There will always be a few muscle fibres contraction even while sleeping.

Muscle is always in a state of partial contraction even when resting

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7
Q

Attachment

A

At their origin and insertion muscles attach to bone via tendons to produce movement of joints.

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8
Q

Belly

A

Thickest part or main body of muscle: usually the middle part away from insertion and origin

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9
Q

Fascia

A

Fascia is a thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fibre and muscle in place.

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10
Q

Tendons

A

White fibrous cords

Connects muscle to bone

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11
Q

Tension

A

Over stimulating of muscle fibres. More fibres contract than is needed to maintain postural tone

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12
Q

Fatigue

A

If muscles overwork without sufficient rest periods there is a shortage of glucose and oxygen, thus muscles cannot produce enough energy to contract which produces lactic acid

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13
Q

Composition of muscle

A

Muscle is 75% water, 20% proteins, 5% fats, mineral salts and glycogen

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14
Q

How a muscle works

A

A muscle’s function is to contract and by doing so starts a movement in the surrounding structures ( the tendons, ligaments and eventually bones).

The muscle contracts in reaction to a nerve stimulus sent by the brain through a motor nerve.

The muscle then shortens becoming fatter at the centre

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15
Q

Functions of muscles

A
  1. Contracts and thereby produces movement i.e. to move a joint
    2.Stabilises joints
    3.Maintains postural tone
    4.Aid in temperature control i.e. shivering and dilation of capillaries
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16
Q

The function of skeletal muscle

A

These are the muscles which we consciously control i.e. our arms and legs . If we want to walk we do so.

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17
Q

Smooth Muscle is also known as….

A

non striated and involuntary

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18
Q

Function of Cardiac muscle

A

To power the pump action of the heart

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19
Q

What is the smallest skeletal muscle?

A

Stapedius in the ear

20
Q

What is largest muscle in the body?

A

Latissimus dorsi, the flat back muscle which covers the central and lower back

21
Q

What is strongest muscle in the body?

A

Gluteus maximus which forms the main bulk of the buttocks

22
Q

Does the agonist contract or relax the muscle?

A

Contract!

23
Q

Does the antagonist contract or relax?

A

Relax!

24
Q

How does a muscle contract?

A

Motor nerves enter the muscles and break into many nerve endings , each one stimulation a single muscle fibre

25
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

genetic progressive weakness & degeneration of the skeletal muscle

26
Q

Myositis

A

inflammation of a muscle

27
Q

Repetitive strain injury

A

overuse of ligaments or muscles

28
Q

Atrophy

A

reduction size, wasting muscle bulk

29
Q

Cramp

A

localised painful contraction of a muscle

30
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

rheumatic, effects tendons & ligaments

31
Q

Spasticity

A

spinal reflexes causes sustained contraction

32
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a ligament, stretch or tearing

33
Q

Strain

A

Injury to a muscle or tendon, stretching or tearing

34
Q

Spasm

A

sudden muscular contraction

35
Q

Rupture

A

Tearing or ripping of muscle fascia

36
Q

What is the action of the peroneus longus?

A

The peroneus longus platarflexes and everts the foot

37
Q

Muscle that flexes the knee

A

The Sartorius

38
Q

The main muscle of mastication?

A

The masseter

39
Q

The muscle that medially rotates the humerus

A

The subscapularis

40
Q

Action of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Closes the eye

41
Q

Action of Pronator teres

A

Pronates the forearm

42
Q

The rhomboids adduct ……

A

The scapula

43
Q

The muscle that dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

A

The tibialis anterior

44
Q

The adductor magnus extends….

A

The hip

45
Q

What muscles lift the ribcage during inhalation?

A

The external intercostals

46
Q

The levator labii superioris lifts …..

A

The upper lip

47
Q

Does the origin of a muscle move?

A

The origin of a muscle is the part that does not move

The Muscular System (1 decks)

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