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BIO 212 Exam 2 > The Muscular System > Flashcards

The Muscular System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

myo-, mys-, and sarco- is latin for ____

A

Little Mouse

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2
Q

Approximately how many muscles in the human body?

A

Approx 700

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3
Q

Muscles account for ___% of total bjody weight

A

40-50%

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4
Q

Elongated cells packed with contractile proteins

A

Myosin and Actin

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5
Q

Muscles contract on ________

A

conscious command OR reflexive response

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6
Q

4 Muscle Characteristics

A

Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility, Elastin

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7
Q

Excitibility

A

Responds to external stimuli

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8
Q

Contractility

A

Actively shortens along longitudinal axis

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9
Q

Extensibility

A

Can stretch beyond original length, without tearing

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10
Q

Elastin

A

Stretches out and recoils back to original length

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11
Q

The complete action of the organ is the result of the action ____

A

of the individual cell

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12
Q

This is filled with muscle fibers, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and epithelial tissue

A

Muscle Organ

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13
Q

Muscle Function

A

To change chemical energy into mechanical energy

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14
Q

The chemical energy for a cell is ___

A

ATP

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15
Q

ADP breaks down into

A

ADP, inorganic phosphate, and energy

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16
Q

When mechanical energy is produced, it allows us to:

A

Produce skeletal/skin movement, maintain posture, supports soft tissue, regulating incoming and outgoing material along a tract, and maintains body temperature

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17
Q

A lot of organs are anchored/supported by ____

A

connective tissue

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18
Q

Doors of smooth muscles moving substances throughout the body

A

Sphincter Muscles

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19
Q

Smooth muscles have ____ & ____, but no _____.

A

Have actin and myosin, but no sarcomeres (so no striations)

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20
Q

-soma

A

body

21
Q

Skeletal muscles have _______, which indicate that there are sarcomeres

A

striations

22
Q

Skeletal muscles have _____ fibers, ________ nuclei, voluntary/involuntary control, can/can’t divide, will ___ over time, and is attached to the _____

A

cylindrical fibers, multiple/peripheral nuclei, voluntary control, cannot divide, will fatigue over time, and are attached to skeleton and skin

23
Q

Every muscle ORGAN has at least one ____, one___ and one ___.

A

Artery, vein, nerve

24
Q

Muscle cells are ______that may be > ___ft long and lay _____ to each other.

A

fibers; 1ft; parallel

25
Q

Bundles of muscle cells (fibers) are called

A

fascicles

26
Q

_____ wraps the muscle organ into multiple tubes within tubes within tubes

A

Connective Tissue

27
Q

-peri

A

around

28
Q

-endo

A

within

29
Q

-epi

A

upon / on

30
Q

endomysium

A

links the cells (fibers) together

31
Q

Endomysium fibers blend in to form

A

Tendons

32
Q

Individual skeletal muscle cells formed by a fusion of multiple _____

A

myoblasts

33
Q

_____ bring their own organelles (including nuclei)

A

Myoblasts

34
Q

some myoblasts remain as ____

A

myosatellite cells

35
Q

Myosatellite cells may be activated with ___, ___ , and ____. Also helps with ______ of muscle cells

A

exercise, disease, and damage; repair/regeneration

36
Q

Every muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane or __________

A

sarcolemma

37
Q

The sarcolemma invaginations to the center

A

Transverse Tubules

38
Q

T-Tubules lay next to the ________, store and release _______, and wraps around the ______

A

SR, calcium ions, myofibrils

39
Q

Myofibrils contain organized _____, which are ____ proteins, containing ____ & ______

A

myofilaments; contractile proteins; actin and myosin

40
Q

A muscle cell (fiber) consists of many ______ arranged side-by-side along the length of the myofibrils. So when you look at it, you see_____

A

Sarcomeres; striations

41
Q

Stimulus travels down the motor neuron to the ___

A

neuromuscular junction

42
Q

Motor neuron releases _____

A

Ach

43
Q

The connection between the neuron synapse and muscle cell

A

Neuromuscular Junction

44
Q

If there is not enough Ach, ______________

A

the Ach esterase will eat it all up (we need enough for threshold and contraction)

45
Q

The sliding filament theory starts at the ______

A

motor neuron

46
Q

Myofilaments consist of _______

A

Actin & myosin (contractile proteins)

47
Q

Actin is THICK / THIN? Myosin is THICK / THIN?

A 
Actin = Thin
Myosin = Thick
48
Q

Stimulus (AP) is transferred to the SR & _____ are released. These bind to proteins on ______ filaments, causing the exposure of cross-bridge binding sites on these filaments.

A

Calcium ions; actin (thin)

BIO 212 Exam 2 (2 decks)

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