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Histology Laboratory > The Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

The Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Give me the 3 general characteristics of a muscular tissue.

A
  1. It consists of elongated cells
  2. It is surrounded by connective tissues which conveys blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic’s throughout the muscle.
  3. It is specialized for contraction
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2
Q

What do you call the slight interaction of myosin filaments and actin filaments?

A

Contraction

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3
Q

All muscle cells are derived from the?

A

Mesodermal Origin

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4
Q

Enumerate the 3 main cells in muscular tissue.

A
  1. Myoepithelial cells
  2. Pericytes
  3. Myofibroblasts
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5
Q

It is an important component of secretory glands where they function to expel secretions from the glandular.

A

Myoepithelial cells

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6
Q

What do you call the smooth muscle cell that surrounds blood vessels?

A

Pericytes

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7
Q

What do you call the cells that has contractile functions and secretes collagen?

A

Myofibroblasts

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8
Q

What is the process of producing heat?

A

Thermogenesis

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8
Q

What are the 3 different types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Smooth muscle
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9
Q

Give me the general characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue.

A
  1. It has long, cylindrical, striated fibers.
  2. multinucleated cell with nuclei at the periphery
  3. voluntary
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10
Q

Where is the location of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

It is usually attached to bones by tendons

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11
Q

What are the 4 functions of skeletal muscle tissues?

A
  1. motion
  2. posture
  3. heat production
  4. protection
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12
Q

Skeletal muscle cell/fiber

What do you call the tiny invagination that panels in from the surface towards the center of the cell?

A

Transverse tubule

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle cell/fiber

What do you call the membranous sac that encircle each of the myofibrils?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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14
Q

What does sarcoplasmic reticulum stores?

A

Calcium (Ca) and Iron(Fe)

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle cell/fiber

It is used in the synthesis of ATP

A

Glycogen granules and Mitochondrion

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle cell/fiber

What do you call the contractile organelles?

A

Myofibrils

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle cell/fiber

Myofibrils are characterized by the presence of myofilaments. What are those myofilaments?

A

Actin and Myosin

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18
Q

What myofilament has 8 nm in diameter and 1-2 microns in length? (thin)

A

Actin

19
Q

What myofilament has 16 nm in diameter and 1-2 microns in length? (thick)

A

Myosin

20
Q

Myofilaments are arranged in compartments called ______________. It is the functional unit of myofibril.

A

Sarcomeres

21
Q

What is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fiber/ cell?

A

Sarcolemma

22
Q

What do you call the cytoplasm of striated cells?

A

Sarcoplasm

23
Q

It is a narrow region of dense materials that separates the sarcomere to another.

A

Z disc

24
Q

It is a dark middle part that extends to the entire length of thick filaments.

A

A band

25
Q

It is lighter, less dense, are of the sarcomere that contains the remainder of thin filaments.

A

I band

26
Q

It is a narrow region in the center of each A band. It contains thick filaments

A

H - zone

27
Q

It is a region in the center of the H-zone that contains proteins which holds the thick filaments together at the center of the sarcomere.

A

M line

28
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle proteins?

A
  1. Contractile Proteins
  2. Regulatory Proteins
  3. Structural Proteins
29
Q

What muscle protein generates force during muscle contraction?

A

Contractile Proteins

30
Q

Myosin molecules consists of a _______ and __________. This will bind to myosin binding sites on the actin molecules during muscle contraction.

A

1 tail
2 myosin heads

30
Q

Myosin molecules consists of a _______ and __________. This will bind to myosin binding sites on the actin molecules during muscle contraction.

A

1 tail
2 myosin heads

31
Q

Each actin molecule has a _____________ where the myosin tail and head will bind.

A

myosin binding site

32
Q

What muscle protein helps switch muscle contraction ON and OFF?

A

Regulatory Protein

33
Q

What are the 2 types of regulatory protein?

A

1.Tropomyosin
2. Troponin

34
Q

Explain the mechanisms of Tropomyosin and Troponin

A

Tropomyosin (OFF)
- when skeletal muscle fiber is relaxed, tropomyosin will cover the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules, thereby preventing myosin to bind with actin.

Troponin (ON)
- when troponin binds to calcium, it changes shape, it moves the tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites thereby producing muscle contraction.

35
Q

Give the 3 functions of structural protein

A
  1. For the proper alignment of thick and thin filaments
  2. It provides elasticity and extensibility
  3. It links myofibrils to sarcolemma and extracellular matrix
35
Q

Give the 5 types of structural proteins

A
  1. Titin
  2. a-Actinin
  3. Myomesin
  4. Nebulin
  5. Dystrophin
36
Q

What structural protein connects the Z disc to M line?

It also stabilizes __________________ position and can stretch and then spring back.

A

Titin

37
Q

What structural protein attaches to actin molecules of thin filaments and titin molecules? (It is the structural protein of Z disc)

A

a-Actinin

38
Q

What structural protein binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent thick filaments to one another? (It is the structural protein of M line)

A

Myomesin

39
Q

What structural protein wraps around the entire length of each titin filament and helps anchor thin filaments to Z disc? It also regulates length of thin filaments during development.

A

Nebulin

40
Q

What structural protein links thin filaments of sarcomere to integral proteins in sarcolemma? It reinforces sarcolemma and helps transmit tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons.

A

Dystrohin

41
Q

What is the levels of organization of a skeletal muscle? (5)

A

Filaments (myofilaments) - Myofibril - Muscle Fiber/Cell (covered by endomysium) - Muscle Fascicle (wrapped in perimysium) - Skeletal muscle (wrapped in epimysium)

41
Q

What is the levels of organization of a skeletal muscle? (5)

A

Histology Laboratory (2 decks)

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