The Muscle System 1 Flashcards
How many types of muscle tissue
3
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Define smooth muscle
Greatest diversity throughout the body
Found in digestive, circulatory, urinary and reproductive systems
Involuntary- controlled by the nervous system
Define cardiac muscle
Found in heart
Involuntary
Purpose to pump oxygen and blood around the body
Define skeletal muscle
Attaches across joint via tendons and bone
Voluntary controlled by the nervous system
Produces locomotion
Stabilises body positions
Stores and transports substances - glycogen
What are the 4 muscle properties
Elasticity
Contractility
Electrical excitability
Extensibility
Define contractibility
Ability to shorten and generate force
Define extensibility
The ability to stretch
Define elasticity
Ability to recoil following a stretch
Define excitability
Ability to respond to electrical stimuli
What are the types of muscle fibre
Slow twitch ( type 1) Fast twitch ( type2) Intermediate ( type 2a)
Describe slow twitch muscle fibres
Small diameter Good blood supply More mitochondria Low force generation Slow to fatigue
Marathon running swimming gardening walking
Describe fast twitch muscle fibres
Large diameter Poor blood supply Fewer mitochondria High force generation Quick to fatigue
Sprinting, serving, throwing, jumping
Describe intermediate muscle fibres
Change their characteristics to reflect predominating exercise
What is a muscle origin
Where the muscle end fixed onto bone
What is the muscle insertion
The bone the muscle moves during contraction
When lifting a weight muscles will be…
Shortening
When lowering a weight a muscle will be ….
Lengthening
Define the term isotonic
Same tone
Muscle actions involving movement ( concentric and eccentric)
Define the term concentric
Muscle generates force and shortens
Define the term eccentric
Muscle generates force and lengthens
Define isometric
Muscle generates force and stays the same length
Define the term isokinetic ( same speed)
Muscle actions involving movement at a constant speed
Roles of muscles during movement
Agonist/prime mover
The muscle that causes a desired action
Eg : bicep brachii during a bicep curl
Antagonist muscles
The opposing muscles to the agonist
Eg: the triceps brachii during a bicep curl
Synergist muscles
The muscle that assists the movement of the prime mover
Fixators
The muscles that stabilise the part of the body that remains fixed
Eg : the shoulder girdle muscles stabilise the scapula
