The Muscle System 1

Question 1

How many types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

3
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle

Question 2

Define smooth muscle

Answer 2

Greatest diversity throughout the body
Found in digestive, circulatory, urinary and reproductive systems
Involuntary- controlled by the nervous system

Question 3

Define cardiac muscle

Answer 3

Found in heart
Involuntary
Purpose to pump oxygen and blood around the body

Question 4

Define skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Attaches across joint via tendons and bone
Voluntary controlled by the nervous system
Produces locomotion
Stabilises body positions
Stores and transports substances - glycogen

Question 5

What are the 4 muscle properties

Answer 5

Elasticity
Contractility
Electrical excitability
Extensibility

Question 6

Define contractibility

Answer 6

Ability to shorten and generate force

Question 7

Define extensibility

Answer 7

The ability to stretch

Question 8

Define elasticity

Answer 8

Ability to recoil following a stretch

Question 9

Define excitability

Answer 9

Ability to respond to electrical stimuli

Question 10

What are the types of muscle fibre

Answer 10

Slow twitch ( type 1)
Fast twitch ( type2)
Intermediate ( type 2a)

Question 11

Describe slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 11

Small diameter
Good blood supply
More mitochondria
Low force generation 
Slow to fatigue

Marathon running swimming gardening walking

Question 12

Describe fast twitch muscle fibres

Answer 12

Large diameter
Poor blood supply
Fewer mitochondria 
High force generation
Quick to fatigue

Sprinting, serving, throwing, jumping

Question 13

Describe intermediate muscle fibres

Answer 13

Change their characteristics to reflect predominating exercise

Question 14

What is a muscle origin

Answer 14

Where the muscle end fixed onto bone

Question 15

What is the muscle insertion

Answer 15

The bone the muscle moves during contraction

Question 16

When lifting a weight muscles will be…

Answer 16

Shortening

Question 17

When lowering a weight a muscle will be ….

Answer 17

Lengthening

Question 18

Define the term isotonic

Answer 18

Same tone

Muscle actions involving movement ( concentric and eccentric)

Question 19

Define the term concentric

Answer 19

Muscle generates force and shortens

Question 20

Define the term eccentric

Answer 20

Muscle generates force and lengthens

Question 21

Define isometric

Answer 21

Muscle generates force and stays the same length

Question 22

Define the term isokinetic ( same speed)

Answer 22

Muscle actions involving movement at a constant speed

Question 23

Roles of muscles during movement

Agonist/prime mover

Answer 23

The muscle that causes a desired action

Eg : bicep brachii during a bicep curl

Question 24

Antagonist muscles

Answer 24

The opposing muscles to the agonist

Eg: the triceps brachii during a bicep curl

Question 25

Synergist muscles

Answer 25

The muscle that assists the movement of the prime mover

Question 26

Fixators

Answer 26

The muscles that stabilise the part of the body that remains fixed
Eg : the shoulder girdle muscles stabilise the scapula