The multistore model Flashcards
Name the 3 stores of the multistore model
Sensory memory
Short term memory
Long term memory
What’s the capacity and duration of sensory memory?
capacity-unlimited
duration-250 milliseconds
how is information encoded in the sensory memory?
Through all 5 senses detecting stimulus from the environment
What are the 2 most important senses when coding info into the sensory memory?
Iconic- processes visual info
Echoic- processes sound
How is information transferred from sensory memory to STM?
Attention
What is the capacity and duration of STM?
Capacity-7 items +/-2
Duration-18-30seconds
How is information coded in the STM?
acoustically
How does information remain in the STM?
through maintenance rehersal
How is information transferred between STM and LTM??
Prolonged rehersal
What is the capacity and duration of LTM?
Capacity- unlimited
Duration- up to a lifetime
What is information coded in the LTM?
Semantically
How can we transfer information from LTM to STM?
retrieval
Who measured the duration of STM and when?
Peterson and Peterson 1959
How did Peterson and Peterson measure the duration of STM?
(procedure)
-researched duration of STM
-trigrams recalled after delay of seconds (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 secs)
-rehearsal prevented by counting backward
What were the findings of Peterson and Petersons’ experiment?
-after 3 seconds 80% accurately recalled
-after 18 seconds 10% accurately recalled
How did Peterson and Peterson’s study support the MSM?
-He found that STM had a limited duration of approximately 18 seconds
-If we are unable to rehearse information, it will not go into the LTM
Why has Peterson and Peterson study been criticized for lacking external validity?
it was a lab experiment and used artificial stimuli as people don’t recall triagrams every day in real life. Therefore it doesnt represent real life so cannot be generalised
Who measured the Capacity of STM?
Jacobs 1887
How did Jacobs 1887 measure the capacity of STM? (Procedure)
-Researched capacity of STM
-showed ppt 4 digits and they recalled them, if answered correct inc to 5 and so on until failure
What were the findings of Jacobs’s measure of capacity in the STM?
-mean digit span of letters in STM= 7.3
-mean digit span of numbers in STM= 9.3
How do the findings of Jacobs’s study support the MSM?
The average capacity of info in the STM is 7 +/-2 items
how does jacobs study into the capacity of STM lack mundane realism/external validity?
it doesnt reflect how memory works in every day life as we do not get asked to recall letters and numbers often
temporal validity- study in 1887 so may not be as scientific
How did Miller’s research support Jacobs’s study?
Miller wrote the magic number 7 and the capacity for STM is 7 +/-2 so it supports millers notion
What did Miller propose?
-tested how many items held in STM
-chunking can increase memory capacity as we can remember 7 chunks of info