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Psychology memory > The multistore model > Flashcards

The multistore model Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 stores of the multistore model

A

Sensory memory
Short term memory
Long term memory

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2
Q

How is information encoded in the sensory memory?

A

Through all 5 senses

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3
Q

What’s the capacity and duration of sensory memory?

A

capacity-unlimited
duration-250 milliseconds

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4
Q

How is information transferred from sensory memory to STM?

A

Attention

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5
Q

What is the capacity and duration of STM?

A

Capacity-7 items +/-2
Duration-18-30seconds

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6
Q

What is information coded in the STM?

A

acoustically

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7
Q

What is the capacity and duration of LTM?

A

Capacity- unlimited
Duration- up to a lifetime

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8
Q

What is information coded in the LTM?

A

Semantically

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9
Q

How is information transferred between STM and LTM?

A

Prolonged rehearsal

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10
Q

Who measured the duration of STM and when?

A

Peterson and Peterson 1959

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11
Q

How did Peterson and Peterson measure the duration of STM?
(procedure)

A

Students recalled trigram and different intervals (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 secs) and to prevent rehearsal they counted backwards from a specific number

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12
Q

What were the findings of Peterson and Petersons’ experiment?

A

at 3 seconds 80% accurately recalled
at 18 seconds 10% accurately recalled

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13
Q

How did Peterson and Peterson’s study support the MSM?

A

Because he found that STM had a limited duration of approximately 18 seconds and
if we are unable to rehearse information, it will not go into the STM

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14
Q

Why has Peterson and Peterson study been criticized for lacking external validity?

A

It’s a lab experiment so it has an artificial memory test of trigrams, So it doesn’t reflect everyday memory recall of real events.

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15
Q

Who measured the Capacity of STM?

A

Jacobs 1887

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16
Q

How did Jacobs measure the capacity of STM? (Procedure)

A

He calculated digit span and showed 4 digits to ppt and asked them to immediately recall the digits and if ppt accurately recalled Jacobs increased it to 5 digits

17
Q

What were the findings of Jacobs’s measure of capacity in the STM?

A

The mean digit span of letters in STM WAS 7.3
The mean digit span of numbers in STM was 9.3

18
Q

How do the findings of Jacobs’s study support the MSM?

A

The average capacity of info in the STM is 7 +/-2 items

19
Q

How did Miller’s research support Jacobs’s study?

A

Miller wrote the magic number 7 and the capacity for STM is 7 +/-2 so it supports millers notion

20
Q

Who measured coding in STM and LTM?

A

Baddeley

21
Q

How did Baddeley’s study measure coding in STM and LTM? (Procedure)

A

PPt either shown
1. acoustically similar sounds
2. acoustically dissimilar sounds
2. Semantically similar words
3. Semantically dissimilar words
PPT had to recall the list either immediately or after 20 minutes

22
Q

What were the findings of Baddeley’s research?

A

After immediate recall- Acoustically similar sounds were the worst remembered as ppt got confused and mixed them up
After 20 minutes of recall- Semantically similar words were the worst remembered as ppt became confused

23
Q

How did Baddeley’s research support the MSM?

A

It supports that acoustic is encoded in STM and semantic is encoded in LTM

24
Q

Who measured the duration of LTM?

A

Bahrick

25
Q

How did Bahrick’s study measure the duration of LTM? (Procedure)

A

PPt tested on their recall of photo recognition of people from their school
and
PPt free recalled any names they could remember

26
Q

What were the findings of Bahrick’s study?

A

15 years later 90% recalled accurately from photo recognition
60% recalled accurately from free recall
48 years later 70% accurately recalled from photo recognition
30% recalled accurately from free recall

27
Q

How did Bahrick’s research support the MSM?

A

Supports that LTM’s duration can last up to a lifetime

28
Q

How does the case study of clive wearing support the MSM?

A

-Clive’s hippocampus was destroyed
-The hippocampus is responsible for transferring information from STM to LTM and Clive couldn’t do this so it supports that the STM and LTM are 2 separate stores

29
Q

How does the case study of clive wearing not support the MSM?

A

There must be at least 3 types of LTM as clive;
-Remembered procedural memories(piano)
-Kind of remembered semantic memories(facts)
-Didn’t remember episodic memories(wedding)

30
Q

What are the 3 strengths of the MSM?

A

-Lots of evidence to support MSM
-Lots of evidence to support capacity, coding, and duration
-Studies are lab experiments so we can establish cause and effect
(effect on DV due to manipulation of IV)

31
Q

What evidence do we have to support the MSM?

A

Baddeley and Clive show STM and LTM are separate

32
Q

What evidence do we have to support the capacity, coding, and duration of the MSM?

A

Jacobs, Peterson, Bahrick and Baddeley

33
Q

What are 4 limitations of MSM?

A

STM, not a unitary store
LTM, not a unitary store
Artificial materials
Maintenance rehearsal problems

34
Q

Why has some of the research into the MSM been criticized for lacking external validity?

Counterpoint- What is the problem with using everyday materials in memory research?

A

They used artificial materials as we don’t get asked to recall trigrams and digits every day so doesnt represent real-life

Cannot use everyday materials as they have meaning therefore it will go into LTM so we cant measure STM

35
Q

What is the problem with maintenance rehearsal and what might be a better way to transfer info from STM to LTM?

A

Maintenance rehearsal transfers info from STM to LTM by repeating over and over not effective

Elaborative rehearsal is a better option because it involves thinking about the meaning of the information and connecting it to other information already stored in memory- better to transfer to LTM

36
Q

What is the evidence that the LTM memory is not a unitary store?
How does it support MSM
How does it not support MSM

A

Clive couldn’t remember semantic
(facts) and episodic (events) memories but he could remember procedural memories (piano)

Supports MSM as he cant transfer info from STM to LTM (different stores)

Doesnt support MSM as suggests LTM has 3 different stores

37
Q

What is the evidence that STM memory isn’t a unitary store?

A

KF damage left temporal lobe
Couldn’t remember the digits read to him
Could remember the digits he read

Suggests there’s a different memory for remembering visual and acoustic information

Psychology memory (1 decks)

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