The Multi-Store Model of Memory

Question 1

Multi Store Model

Answer 1

a representation of how memory works in terms of three stores: sensory register, short term memory, long term memory; describes how information is transferred from one store to another, how it is remembered, how it is forgotten

Question 2

Who created the Multi Store Model?

Answer 2

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 3

What is the Sensory Register ?

Answer 3

the memory stores for each of our 5 senses

Question 4

What is the coding for Sensory Register?

Answer 4

• Vision = Iconic
• Sound = Echoic
• Touch = Haptic
• Taste = Gustatory
• Smell = Olfactory

Question 5

What is the capacity of the Sensory Register?

Answer 5

• very large
• has to contain all the sense impressions for all the senses in the moment
• only what Is paid attention to Is passed on to the STM

Question 6

Who conducted supporting research for capacity of the sensory register?

Answer 6

Spearling

Question 7

What did Spearling do?

Answer 7

• in which a grid of 20 letters was flashed onto a screen for a 20th of a second
• particpants needed to recall a random rows of letters

Question 8

What did Spearling find?

Answer 8

• recall was strong
• suggests that all the rows were stored in the SR as the participants didn’t know which row would be asked for
• meaning iconic SR has a large capacity

Question 9

What is the duration of the sensory register?

Answer 9

• very short
• 250 milliseconds
• as so much information has to be held it cannot be retained for long

Question 10

What is the STM

Answer 10

a temporary active store receiving information from the SR by paying attention to it and keeping it in STM or passing into LTM

Question 11

What is the coding for STM?

Answer 11

stored acoustically

Question 12

Who conducted supporting research for coding of STM?

Answer 12

Baddeley

Question 13

What did Baddeley do?

Answer 13

• gave participants 4-10 word lists to 4 participants groups:
  1: acoustically similar - sound the same
  2: acoustically dissimilar - sound different
  3: semantically similar - related meaning
  4: semantically dissimilar: unrelated

Question 14

What did Baddeley find?

Answer 14

• found that immediate recall was worst for list 1
• recall after 20 mins was worst with semantically similar words
• suggest thats information in STM in acoustic
• recalling was worst in group 1 where words sounded acoustically similar and the similar sounds caused confusion

Question 15

What is the capacity for STM according to Miller?

Answer 15

• approx 7 items (+/-2)

Question 16

How can the capacity for STM be improved according to Miller?

Answer 16

• by chunking

- making small sets/groups of items and this reduces the number of items overall

Question 17

Who conducted supporting research for Miller and coding of STM?

Answer 17

Jacobs

Question 18

What did Jacobs do?

Answer 18

• presented participants with lists of letters or numbers

- participants had to recall the lists

Question 19

What did Jacobs find?

Answer 19

• the capacity for letters was around 7 items and 9 for numbers
• this suggests that the capacity of the STM is limited