The Multi Store Model Of Memory Flashcards
Who developed the Multi Store Model of memory?
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin
The model is sometimes called the “Three Stage” memory model.
What are the three distinct memory stores in the Multi Store Model?
- Sensory Memory
- Short Term Memory (STM)
- Long Term Memory (LTM)
Each store has different characteristics.
What is the duration of Sensory Memory?
Less than a second
What is the maximum duration of Short Term Memory (STM)?
Up to 20 seconds
What happens to information if it is rehearsed in STM?
It is encoded in Long Term Memory (LTM)
Which type of encoding does STM primarily use?
Acoustic encoding
Which type of encoding does LTM primarily favor?
Semantic encoding
What did Baddeley & Hitch develop in relation to STM?
Working Memory
What are the two types of rehearsal proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin?
- Maintenance Rehearsal
- Elaborative Rehearsal
Maintenance Rehearsal is similar to rote learning.
What is the ‘Magic Number’ associated with STM capacity according to Miller?
7 items, plus or minus 2
What is the technique used to study the duration of STM called?
Brown-Peterson Technique
What phenomenon explains why participants recall more words from the beginning and end of a list?
Primacy/Recency effect
What theory explains the displacement of words in the middle of a list during recall?
Displacement Theory of forgetting
Fill in the blank: The rehearsal loop can store up to _______ items of information.
9
What does Elaborative Rehearsal involve?
Semantic encoding by thinking about the meaning of information
True or False: The Multi Store Model was part of the Cognitive Revolution in Psychology.
True
How does the rehearsal loop affect the security of information in STM?
The more often information is looped, the more securely it is rehearsed.
What type of information does LTM use for encoding?
All types of encoding, but favors semantic
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology as illustrated by Atkinson & Shiffrin’s model?
Information processing
What is a significant issue with eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitnesses are notoriously unreliable in reporting events.
This can lead to wrongful convictions, as seen in cases like Ed Honacker.
What was the outcome of Ed Honacker’s case?
He served 10 years for rape before DNA evidence proved his innocence.
His case highlights the fallibility of eyewitness identification.
What factors can affect the reliability of eyewitness memory?
Inattention and lack of rehearsal can lead to inaccurate memories.
Traumatic events may hinder the encoding of details into long-term memory.
What condition did Clive Wearing have?
He had brain damage to his hippocampus, affecting his memory.
He could remember information for about 20 seconds but could not form new memories.
What does the Multi Store Model suggest about Clive Wearing’s memory issues?
It suggests an inability to rehearse information into long-term memory.
His case exemplifies the limitations of the Multi Store Model.
What was the significance of H.M.’s case in memory research?
He could not make new memories after his hippocampus was damaged.
H.M. had intact memories from before his surgery, illustrating the distinction between short-term and long-term memory.
What does the term ‘primacy effect’ refer to?
The tendency to remember the first items in a list better than those in the middle.
This is a key concept supporting the Multi Store Model.
What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller’s research?
7 ±2 bits or chunks of information.
This finding underpins the understanding of memory limitations.
What is a criticism of the Multi Store Model based on K.F.’s case?
K.F. could add memories to long-term memory despite having a damaged short-term memory.
This suggests limitations in the Multi Store Model’s explanation of memory.
What is the difference between the Multi Store Model and the Working Memory Model?
The Working Memory Model provides a more detailed explanation of rehearsal and retrieval.
Many psychologists consider it a refinement of the Multi Store Model.
What does the Reconstructive Memory theory explain?
It explains why we misremember things, leading to false memories.
This aspect is not addressed by the Multi Store Model.
What is the Levels of Processing Framework?
It suggests that memory retention is based on the depth of processing rather than separate stores.
Semantic encoding is deeper than acoustic or visual encoding.
How can eyewitnesses improve their memory according to the Multi Store Model?
By paying close attention and using rehearsal techniques.
Elaborative rehearsal is more effective than simple repetition.
What practical application does the Multi Store Model have for individuals with memory impairments?
Techniques like writing things down and using color coding can aid memory.
These methods help reinforce memory encoding for patients with dementia or brain damage.
