Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Memory > The multi-store model of memory > Flashcards

The multi-store model of memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the multi-store model of memory?

A

environmental stimuli - sensory register - attention - short term memory (maintenance rehearsal) - elaborative rehearsal - long term memory - retrieval from short term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the encoding of the sensory register in MSM?

A

Iconic and echoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the duration of short term memory in MSM?

A

18 - 30 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the duration of the sensory register in MSM?

A

0.5 secs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the encoding of short term memory in MSM?

A

Acoustic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the capacity of the sensory register in MSM?

A

Unlimited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the capacity of short term memory in MSM?

A

Limited 5 - 9 terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the duration of long term memory in MSM?

A

Potentially permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the encoding of long term memory in MSM?

A

Semantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the capacity of long term memory in MSM?

A

Unlimited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the research for the duration of the sensory memory in MSM?

A

Walsh and Thompson (1978) flashed images of the letter o twice with a brief interval between. The researchers recorded the interval from which pts could report that they saw a continuous stimulus. It was found that the iconic sensory had an average duration of 500 millisecond. This suggests duration is limited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the research for the capacity of the sensory memory in MSM?

A

Sperling (1960) studied the sensory memory for vision. He asked pts to recall as many letters as they could from a grid of 12 symbols that he displayed on a screen for just 50 milliseconds, and found that while they could only recall around 4 of the symbols before the grid faded from their sensory memory, they typically reported seeing a lot more than they had time to report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What research is there to support the duration of short term memory in MSM?

A

Peterson & Peterson (1959)
Nonsense trigrams were read to pts and were asked to count backwards in 3s from a large random 3 digit number for varying periods of time. After a 3 second delay, there was a 90% recall compared to just 2% after 18 secs. This shows that duration is very limited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What research is there to support the coding of short term memory in MSM?

A

Baddeley (1966)
Gave pts four sets of words. Set 1 had similar sounding words and set 2 were different. Set 3 had similar meaning words and set 4 had different meanings. When asked to recall immediately they made more mistakes on words sounding alike. This shows it is encoded acoustically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What research is there for the capacity of short term memory in MSM?

A

Jacobs (1887)
Serial digit span method where pts are presented with increasingly long lists of numbers or letters and have to immediately recall them in the right order. Capacity for numbers was 9.3 items and for letters it was 7.3 items. Supports capacity being 5 - 9 items.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What research is there for the duration of long term memory in MSM?

A

Bahrick et al (1975)
392 US ex high school students between 17 and 74 were tested by free recall and a photo recognition test. They were asked to identify former classmates from a set of 50 photos. Recognition was 90% accurate after 14 years and 60% accurate after 47 years. This shows that duration is potentially unlimited.

17
Q

What research is there for the coding of the long term memory in MSM?

A

Baddeley (1966)
Demonstrated it is semantic. Pts given four sets of words.
Set 1 = similar sounding
Set 2 = different sounding
Set 3 = similar meaning
Set 4 = different meaning
After a delay of 20 minutes, pts had more difficulty remembering the semantically similar words.

18
Q

What is the research for the capacity of long term memory in MSM?

A

Wagenaar (1986)
Created a diary of 2400 events over 6 years and tested himself on recall of events rather than dates. He had excellent recall, suggesting capacity is unlimited.

19
Q

What are some criticisms of the research being unrealistic?

A

Studies are not in natural environments
Tasks are not everyday tasks
Stimuli is not realistic
Collection techniques similar

20
Q

What is some evidence supporting MSM?

A

Glanser and Cunitz
Presented two groups of pts with same list of words. One recalled immediately after, whilst other waited for 30 secs. Both tended to remember first few and last words. Supports LTM and STM sores because of primary and recency effects.

21
Q

Is there naturalistic research to support MSM?

A

Case study of HM. Male patient who suffered from epilepsy who underwent major surgery to relieve the symptoms. Temporal lobes of both sides of the brain were removed, and since then HM has been unable to form new long term memories. His STM was relatively normal but he was unable to transfer information, proving that there are separate stores.

22
Q

Are there alternative theories to MSM?

A

WMM is a more recent approach to understanding the STM. It takes into account that each store is not a single structure and consists of several structures. It doesn’t oversimplify memory and it has practical applications. Suggests MSM is too simplified.

23
Q

Is there a theoretical problem with MSM?

A

Mainly emphasises on the structure of memory and tends to neglect the process. MSM only focuses on cognition and ignores when events are emotionally charged. MSM states that LTM is semantically encoded but does not expand to wider emotional connections.

24
Q

Are there practical applications of MSM?

A

First suggestion that the memory is made up of various sections, which led to other psychologists looking at better models. this suggests that further research can be linked back to MSM.

25
Q

Extension evaluation point on KF

A

Had a motorbike accident in his 20’s. Parietal-occipital area was damaged, which affected his STM as he was only able to recall 1 or 2 items acoustically. However it could retain information if it was presented visually. LTM remained intact.

26
Q

What is encoding?

A

Changing incoming information into a form usable to different kinds of memory.

27
Q

What is semantic encoding?

A

Coded according to its meaning

28
Q

What is acoustic encoding?

A

Coded according to its sound

29
Q

What is iconic encoding?

A

Coded according to the images

30
Q

What is haptic encoding?

A

Coded according to touch

31
Q

What is capacity?

A

Holding information in the memory system

32
Q

What is retrieval?

A

Recovering information from storage

33
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

A way to more effectively memorise information and maintain it from long term memory. By making associations between the new information you’re trying to learn and the information you already know.

34
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

Simple repetition of items that need to be remembered in order to prevent them from fading out of short term memory.

Memory (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions