The Mouth

Question 1

what are other terms for “mouth”?

Answer 1

oral cavity / buccal cavity

Question 2

what covers 1-lips 2-mouth proper?

Answer 2

1-skin 2-mucous membrane

Question 3

why do lips appear red?

Answer 3

because they are highly vascular with a thin layer of keratin.

Question 4

what part of the brain is the lips associated with?

Answer 4

the cerebral cortex.

Question 5

whats the function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

Answer 5

regulates what comes in and out of the mouth. it is located in the lips and serves as a sphincter.

Question 6

what is the function of the labial frenulum?

Answer 6

attaches inner surface of each lip to gums.

Question 7

which tissue is the mucous membrane in the inner cheek made of?

Answer 7

non-keratinized simple squamous epithilium.

Question 8

what lies between the outer skin and mucous membrane of the cheek?

Answer 8

connective tissue and buccinator muscles.

Question 9

compare between oral cavity proper and oral vestibule.

Answer 9

insert picture

Question 10

what is the fauces?

Answer 10

the main opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Question 11

what is the function of the palate?

Answer 11

allows digestion and respiration to work simultaneously=wall between oral and nasal cavity.

Question 12

compare between the hard and soft palate.

Answer 12

-hard:
rigid, made of maxillary and palatine bones of skull, ends in posterior oral cavity.
- soft:
made of skeletal muscle.

Question 13

what is the bead of tissue that drops down from the center of the posterior edge of the soft palate? and what is its function?

Answer 13

it is the Uvula, it moves upward with the soft palate when swallowing to prevent food form entering the nasal cavity.

Question 14

which part of the mouth contributes to snoring?

Answer 14

the Uvula.

Question 15

where is the palatopharyngeal arch located?

Answer 15

behind the (palatoglossal arch) that lies next to the base of the tongue.
it forms the superior and lateral margins of the fauces.

Question 16

what protects the pharynx?

Answer 16

clusters of lymphoid tissue in the palatine tonsils (located between the 2 arches).

Question 17

where are the lingual tonsils located?

Answer 17

near the base of the tongue.

Question 18

What is the function of the tongue?

Answer 18

mechanical and chemical digestion, sensation, and vocalization.

Question 19

which bone is the tongue attached to?

Answer 19

the mandible (specifically; in the styloid process in the temporal bone and hyoid bone.)

Question 20

which bone in the jaw only indirectly articulates with other bones?

Answer 20

the hyoid bone.

Question 21

what divides the tongue into 2 symmetrical halves?

Answer 21

the medial septum.

Question 22

each halve in the tongue is composed of the same number of muscles, which are the ……… and ………. .

Answer 22

the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.

Question 23

the functions of the following muscles in the extrinsic tongue muscles are:
1- mylohyoid: ................
2- hyoglossus: ...............
3- styloglossus: ............
4- genioglossus: ...........

Answer 23

1- raising tongue
2- up and back
3- down and back
4- forward

Question 24

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 24

1- longitudinalis inferior
2- longitudinalis superior
3- transverses linguae
4- verticalis linguae

Question 25

what is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 25

1- change shape and size of tongue, and allow to stick it out. 2-facilitates swallowing and speech.

Question 26

where do papillae in the tongue extend from?

Answer 26

from the lamina propria of the mucosa, they're covered in St.squamous epithelium.

Question 27

compare between the fungiform and filiform papillae by shape and function.

Answer 27

1- Fungiform: - mushroom shaped, bigger on the rear end and smaller on the sides and tip - contain tastebuds 2- Filiform: - long and thin - contain touch receptors = help w/ movement

Question 28

what causes the abrasive feeling on the tongue?

Answer 28

Filiform papillae.

Question 29

what is the function of the lingual frenulum?

Answer 29

tethers tong to the floor of the mouth.

Question 30

what is the location and function of lingual glands?

Answer 30

in the lamina propria, secretes lingual lipase.

Question 31

what is the function of lingual lipase? and how is it activated?

Answer 31

has a small role in breaking down triglycerides, begins working if activated in the stomach.

Question 32

what type of glands are located within the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue?

Answer 32

exocrine glands.

Question 33

how and when do salivary glands secrete saliva?

Answer 33

constantly even during sleep, either directly into oral cavity or indirectly through ducts.

Question 34

why does the average human secrete 1-1.5 Liters of saliva daily?

Answer 34

- to moisten mouth and teeth. | - to moisten food and start chemical breakdown of carbs.

Question 35

True or False: small amounts of saliva are secreted by labial glands in lips.

Answer 35

True.

Question 36

what is the function of the buccal glands in cheeks, palatal glands in palates, and lingual glands in tongue all together?

Answer 36

To ensure that all the mouth is supplied with enough saliva.

Question 37

what is the function of the major salivary gland?

Answer 37

secrete the majority of the saliva into the mouth via ducts.

Question 38

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

Answer 38

1- submandibular gland 2- sublingual gland 3- parotid gland

Question 39

which gland secretes the thickest saliva with the least amount of amylase?

Answer 39

sublingual gland

Question 40

which gland of the 3 major salivary glands uses lesser ducts to secrete mucus into oral cavity?

Answer 40

sublingual gland

Question 41

True or False: the submandibular gland secretes saliva amylase with a thin liquid.

Answer 41

False. | correction: in a liquid thickened with mucus.

Question 42

which gland of the 3 major salivary glands is located near the ear? what is its function?

Answer 42

the parotid gland. | it secretes watery saliva with amylase through the parotid duct; located near the second upper molar tooth.

Question 43

What is the composition of saliva?

Answer 43

98-99.5% water, 4.5% a mix of ions, glycoproteins, enzymes, growth factors, and waste products.

Question 44

what is the function of salivary amylase?

Answer 44

initiates breakdown of carbohydrates. | continues working until it is inactivated by stomach acid.

Question 45

how does the pH of saliva remain between 6.35 - 6.85?

Answer 45

contains bicarbonate and phosphate ions that work as buffers.

Question 46

how does saliva prevent microbes from penetrating Epithelial tissue?

Answer 46

via immunoglobulin A and lysozyme = antimicrobial saliva.

Question 47

where is epidermal growth factor located?

Answer 47

in the saliva.

Question 48

why does the parasympathetic stimulation keeps saliva flowing during the absence of food?

Answer 48

for comfort during speaking, swallowing, and sleeping.

Question 49

what is reduction of salivation (dry mouth) caused by?

Answer 49

sympathetic stimulation due to stress.

Question 50

what are dentes?

Answer 50

another term for "teeth".

Question 51

what are the dentitions that humans have during their lives?

Answer 51

1- deciduous teeth/baby teeth/primary teeth= (20), appear at 6 months and fall from 6-12yrs. 2- permanent teeth: (32).

Question 52

compare between the types of teeth.

Answer 52

1- incisors (8): for biting into food. 2- canines/cuspids (4): for tearing food. 3- premolars/ bicuspids (8): for mashing food. 4- molars (12): for crushing food for swallowing.

Question 53

what are the 3rd top and bottom molars?

Answer 53

wisdom teeth.

Question 54

where are teeth secured in?

Answer 54

alveolar processes (sockets) of the maxilla and mandible.

Question 55

what is the soft tissue that lives in the sockets and surround the neck of teeth?

Answer 55

the gingiva (gums).

Question 56

what holds the teeth in their sockets?

Answer 56

periodontal ligaments.

Question 57

what causes tooth decay?

Answer 57

mechanical and chemical erosion.

Question 58

The most common form of tooth decay is dental caries (cavities). what causes them?

Answer 58

bacteria colonies in the mouth that feed on sugars. they release acid that causes soft tissue inflammation and degradation of Ca in the enamel.

Question 59

what are the 2 main parts of the tooth?

Answer 59

the crown and root. (root is imbedded within maxilla and mandible)

Question 60

what is cementum?

Answer 60

a hard, bone like structure that covers dentin.

Question 61

what is the hardest substance in the body?

Answer 61

The Enamel.

Question 62

which part of the tooth is included in both crown & root?

Answer 62

the pulp cavity that contains loose connective tissue with nerves and blood vessels.

Question 63

which region of the cavity runs through the root?

Answer 63

The root canal.