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Biology 102 - digestive system > The Mouth > Flashcards

The Mouth Flashcards

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1
Q

what are other terms for “mouth”?

A

oral cavity / buccal cavity

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2
Q

what covers 1-lips 2-mouth proper?

A

1-skin 2-mucous membrane

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3
Q

why do lips appear red?

A

because they are highly vascular with a thin layer of keratin.

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4
Q

what part of the brain is the lips associated with?

A

the cerebral cortex.

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5
Q

whats the function of the orbicularis oris muscle?

A

regulates what comes in and out of the mouth. it is located in the lips and serves as a sphincter.

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6
Q

what is the function of the labial frenulum?

A

attaches inner surface of each lip to gums.

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7
Q

which tissue is the mucous membrane in the inner cheek made of?

A

non-keratinized simple squamous epithilium.

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8
Q

what lies between the outer skin and mucous membrane of the cheek?

A

connective tissue and buccinator muscles.

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9
Q

compare between oral cavity proper and oral vestibule.

A

insert picture

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10
Q

what is the fauces?

A

the main opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

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11
Q

what is the function of the palate?

A

allows digestion and respiration to work simultaneously=wall between oral and nasal cavity.

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12
Q

compare between the hard and soft palate.

A

-hard:
rigid, made of maxillary and palatine bones of skull, ends in posterior oral cavity.
- soft:
made of skeletal muscle.

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13
Q

what is the bead of tissue that drops down from the center of the posterior edge of the soft palate? and what is its function?

A

it is the Uvula, it moves upward with the soft palate when swallowing to prevent food form entering the nasal cavity.

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14
Q

which part of the mouth contributes to snoring?

A

the Uvula.

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15
Q

where is the palatopharyngeal arch located?

A 
behind the (palatoglossal arch) that lies next to the base of the tongue.
it forms the superior and lateral margins of the fauces.
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16
Q

what protects the pharynx?

A

clusters of lymphoid tissue in the palatine tonsils (located between the 2 arches).

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17
Q

where are the lingual tonsils located?

A

near the base of the tongue.

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18
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion, sensation, and vocalization.

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19
Q

which bone is the tongue attached to?

A

the mandible (specifically; in the styloid process in the temporal bone and hyoid bone.)

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20
Q

which bone in the jaw only indirectly articulates with other bones?

A

the hyoid bone.

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21
Q

what divides the tongue into 2 symmetrical halves?

A

the medial septum.

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22
Q

each halve in the tongue is composed of the same number of muscles, which are the ……… and ………. .

A

the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.

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23
Q 
the functions of the following muscles in the extrinsic tongue muscles are:
1- mylohyoid: ................
2- hyoglossus: ...............
3- styloglossus: ............
4- genioglossus: ...........
A

1- raising tongue
2- up and back
3- down and back
4- forward

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24
Q

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

1- longitudinalis inferior
2- longitudinalis superior
3- transverses linguae
4- verticalis linguae

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25
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

1- change shape and size of tongue, and allow to stick it out. 2-facilitates swallowing and speech.

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26
Q

where do papillae in the tongue extend from?

A

from the lamina propria of the mucosa, they’re covered in St.squamous epithelium.

27
Q

compare between the fungiform and filiform papillae by shape and function.

A

1- Fungiform:
- mushroom shaped, bigger on the rear end and smaller on the sides and tip
- contain tastebuds
2- Filiform:
- long and thin
- contain touch receptors = help w/ movement

28
Q

what causes the abrasive feeling on the tongue?

A

Filiform papillae.

29
Q

what is the function of the lingual frenulum?

A

tethers tong to the floor of the mouth.

30
Q

what is the location and function of lingual glands?

A

in the lamina propria, secretes lingual lipase.

31
Q

what is the function of lingual lipase? and how is it activated?

A

has a small role in breaking down triglycerides, begins working if activated in the stomach.

32
Q

what type of glands are located within the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue?

A

exocrine glands.

33
Q

how and when do salivary glands secrete saliva?

A

constantly even during sleep, either directly into oral cavity or indirectly through ducts.

34
Q

why does the average human secrete 1-1.5 Liters of saliva daily?

A
  • to moisten mouth and teeth.

- to moisten food and start chemical breakdown of carbs.

35
Q

True or False: small amounts of saliva are secreted by labial glands in lips.

A

True.

36
Q

what is the function of the buccal glands in cheeks, palatal glands in palates, and lingual glands in tongue all together?

A

To ensure that all the mouth is supplied with enough saliva.

37
Q

what is the function of the major salivary gland?

A

secrete the majority of the saliva into the mouth via ducts.

38
Q

what are the 3 major salivary glands?

A

1- submandibular gland
2- sublingual gland
3- parotid gland

39
Q

which gland secretes the thickest saliva with the least amount of amylase?

A

sublingual gland

40
Q

which gland of the 3 major salivary glands uses lesser ducts to secrete mucus into oral cavity?

A

sublingual gland

41
Q

True or False: the submandibular gland secretes saliva amylase with a thin liquid.

A

False.

correction: in a liquid thickened with mucus.

42
Q

which gland of the 3 major salivary glands is located near the ear? what is its function?

A

the parotid gland.

it secretes watery saliva with amylase through the parotid duct; located near the second upper molar tooth.

43
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A

98-99.5% water, 4.5% a mix of ions, glycoproteins, enzymes, growth factors, and waste products.

44
Q

what is the function of salivary amylase?

A

initiates breakdown of carbohydrates.

continues working until it is inactivated by stomach acid.

45
Q

how does the pH of saliva remain between 6.35 - 6.85?

A

contains bicarbonate and phosphate ions that work as buffers.

46
Q

how does saliva prevent microbes from penetrating Epithelial tissue?

A

via immunoglobulin A and lysozyme = antimicrobial saliva.

47
Q

where is epidermal growth factor located?

A

in the saliva.

48
Q

why does the parasympathetic stimulation keeps saliva flowing during the absence of food?

A

for comfort during speaking, swallowing, and sleeping.

49
Q

what is reduction of salivation (dry mouth) caused by?

A

sympathetic stimulation due to stress.

50
Q

what are dentes?

A

another term for “teeth”.

51
Q

what are the dentitions that humans have during their lives?

A

1- deciduous teeth/baby teeth/primary teeth=
(20), appear at 6 months and fall from 6-12yrs.

2- permanent teeth: (32).

52
Q

compare between the types of teeth.

A

1- incisors (8): for biting into food.
2- canines/cuspids (4): for tearing food.
3- premolars/ bicuspids (8): for mashing food.
4- molars (12): for crushing food for swallowing.

53
Q

what are the 3rd top and bottom molars?

A

wisdom teeth.

54
Q

where are teeth secured in?

A

alveolar processes (sockets) of the maxilla and mandible.

55
Q

what is the soft tissue that lives in the sockets and surround the neck of teeth?

A

the gingiva (gums).

56
Q

what holds the teeth in their sockets?

A

periodontal ligaments.

57
Q

what causes tooth decay?

A

mechanical and chemical erosion.

58
Q

The most common form of tooth decay is dental caries (cavities). what causes them?

A

bacteria colonies in the mouth that feed on sugars. they release acid that causes soft tissue inflammation and degradation of Ca in the enamel.

59
Q

what are the 2 main parts of the tooth?

A

the crown and root. (root is imbedded within maxilla and mandible)

60
Q

what is cementum?

A

a hard, bone like structure that covers dentin.

61
Q

what is the hardest substance in the body?

A

The Enamel.

62
Q

which part of the tooth is included in both crown & root?

A

the pulp cavity that contains loose connective tissue with nerves and blood vessels.

63
Q

which region of the cavity runs through the root?

A

The root canal.

Biology 102 - digestive system (9 decks)

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