The most important events Flashcards
What is a journée?
A day of popular action and disturbance linked to great political change
What is the most famous journée?
The Storming of the Bastille
When was the Storming of the Bastille?
July 14 1789
Which group of people were demonstrating at the Bastille?
Sans-Culottes
What were they demonstrating for at the Bastille?
Gunpowder and cartridges
Where was the first place they raided and what did they seize on July 14 1789?
- Les Invalides- an old soldiers retirement home
* 28,000 muskets and 20 cannon were seized
Which governor denied the entry of the crowd on July 14 1789?
De Launay
How many people were killed in the inner courtyard at the Bastille?
98 people
What happened to the governor after the attack on the Bastille?
He was murdered and decapitated
When were the October Days?
1-6 October 1789
Who were present during the October Days?
A crowd of women, National Guard, Lafayette
What happened on October 5 1789?
A crowd of women stormed the Hotel de Ville- the headquarters of the commune demanding bread
When was the Champs de Mars massacre?
July 17 1791
How many people flocked to the Champs de Mars?
50,000
What were they there to sign on the Champs de Mars?
A republican petition on the ‘altar of the fatherland’
What did the National Guard do in response to the Champs de Mars gathering?
They sent Lafayette with the National Guard and they fired on the peaceful and unarmed crowd
How many people were killed at the Champs de Mars?
50 people
Who fled or went into hiding because of the Champs de Mars massacre?
Hébert, Marat, Danton
When did the Storming of the Tuileries Palace take place?
9-10 August 1792
Who was amongst the leaders of the Sans-Culottes in the attack on the Tuileries?
Hébert
How many people marched on the Tuileries on August 10 1792?
- Several thousand men from the National Guard
* 2000 fédérés
Who defended the Tuileries when the attack happened?
3000 troops- 2000 National Guard, 1000 Swiss mercenaries
How many Swiss were massacred at the Tuileries?
600 Swiss
How many attackers had been wounded or killed at the Tuileries?
90 fédérés, 300 Parisians
What other main event happened on August 10 1792?
The overthrow of the monarchy
When were the September massacres?
2-7 September 1793
What did the September massacres signify the beginning of?
The Terror
How many Paris prisoners were murdered in the September massacres?
Between 1100-1400 of the 2600 prisoners
As a result of the September massacres, what were the sans-culottes now known as?
Bloodthirsty savages- buveurs de sang (drinkers of blood)
When was the Battle of Valmy?
September 20 1792
What happened at the Battle of Valmy?
52,000 French troops defeated 34,000 Prussians
Why was the Battle of Valmy a significant victory for the French troops?
If the Prussians had won, it was likely that Paris would have fallen and the Revolution would have been brought to an end
When was the War of the First Coalition?
1 February 1793
Who declared war on who in 1793?
The Convention declared war on Britain and The Netherlands
Who was France at war with in 1793?
Most of Europe including: •The Netherlands •Spain •Russia •Britain
When was the Rising in the Vendée?
11 March 1793
Why was there no peace in the Vendée?
Sale of Church land, religious changes, guerrilla warfare
When was the overthrow of the Girondins?
26 May- 2 June 1793
What happened as a result of the events on 2 June 1793?
29 Girondin deputies and 2 ministers arrested. Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat (believed would end revolution)