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AS History- French Revolution > The most important events > Flashcards

The most important events Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a journée?

A

A day of popular action and disturbance linked to great political change

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2
Q

What is the most famous journée?

A

The Storming of the Bastille

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3
Q

When was the Storming of the Bastille?

A

July 14 1789

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4
Q

Which group of people were demonstrating at the Bastille?

A

Sans-Culottes

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5
Q

What were they demonstrating for at the Bastille?

A

Gunpowder and cartridges

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6
Q

Where was the first place they raided and what did they seize on July 14 1789?

A
  • Les Invalides- an old soldiers retirement home

* 28,000 muskets and 20 cannon were seized

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7
Q

Which governor denied the entry of the crowd on July 14 1789?

A

De Launay

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8
Q

How many people were killed in the inner courtyard at the Bastille?

A

98 people

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9
Q

What happened to the governor after the attack on the Bastille?

A

He was murdered and decapitated

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10
Q

When were the October Days?

A

1-6 October 1789

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11
Q

Who were present during the October Days?

A

A crowd of women, National Guard, Lafayette

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12
Q

What happened on October 5 1789?

A

A crowd of women stormed the Hotel de Ville- the headquarters of the commune demanding bread

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13
Q

When was the Champs de Mars massacre?

A

July 17 1791

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14
Q

How many people flocked to the Champs de Mars?

A

50,000

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15
Q

What were they there to sign on the Champs de Mars?

A

A republican petition on the ‘altar of the fatherland’

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16
Q

What did the National Guard do in response to the Champs de Mars gathering?

A

They sent Lafayette with the National Guard and they fired on the peaceful and unarmed crowd

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17
Q

How many people were killed at the Champs de Mars?

A

50 people

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18
Q

Who fled or went into hiding because of the Champs de Mars massacre?

A

Hébert, Marat, Danton

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19
Q

When did the Storming of the Tuileries Palace take place?

A

9-10 August 1792

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20
Q

Who was amongst the leaders of the Sans-Culottes in the attack on the Tuileries?

A

Hébert

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21
Q

How many people marched on the Tuileries on August 10 1792?

A
  • Several thousand men from the National Guard

* 2000 fédérés

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22
Q

Who defended the Tuileries when the attack happened?

A

3000 troops- 2000 National Guard, 1000 Swiss mercenaries

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23
Q

How many Swiss were massacred at the Tuileries?

A

600 Swiss

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24
Q

How many attackers had been wounded or killed at the Tuileries?

A

90 fédérés, 300 Parisians

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25
Q

What other main event happened on August 10 1792?

A

The overthrow of the monarchy

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26
Q

When were the September massacres?

A

2-7 September 1793

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27
Q

What did the September massacres signify the beginning of?

A

The Terror

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28
Q

How many Paris prisoners were murdered in the September massacres?

A

Between 1100-1400 of the 2600 prisoners

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29
Q

As a result of the September massacres, what were the sans-culottes now known as?

A

Bloodthirsty savages- buveurs de sang (drinkers of blood)

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30
Q

When was the Battle of Valmy?

A

September 20 1792

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31
Q

What happened at the Battle of Valmy?

A

52,000 French troops defeated 34,000 Prussians

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32
Q

Why was the Battle of Valmy a significant victory for the French troops?

A

If the Prussians had won, it was likely that Paris would have fallen and the Revolution would have been brought to an end

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33
Q

When was the War of the First Coalition?

A

1 February 1793

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34
Q

Who declared war on who in 1793?

A

The Convention declared war on Britain and The Netherlands

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35
Q

Who was France at war with in 1793?

A 
Most of Europe including:
•The Netherlands
•Spain
•Russia
•Britain
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36
Q

When was the Rising in the Vendée?

A

11 March 1793

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37
Q

Why was there no peace in the Vendée?

A

Sale of Church land, religious changes, guerrilla warfare

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38
Q

When was the overthrow of the Girondins?

A

26 May- 2 June 1793

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39
Q

What happened as a result of the events on 2 June 1793?

A

29 Girondin deputies and 2 ministers arrested. Charlotte Corday assassinates Marat (believed would end revolution)

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40
Q

When was the Armée Révolutionnaire?

A

4 September 1793

41
Q

What was the purpose of the Armée Révolutionnaire?

A
  • Ensure food supplies were of Paris were large in provinces

* Establish revolutionary justice in areas in the south and west

42
Q

What was the main task of the Armée Révolutionnaire?

A

Engage in dechristianisation- antireligious policies against the Church (destroy its influence)

43
Q

What was enforced in September 1793?

A

General Maximum

44
Q

What was the General Maximum?

A

Fix the prices of a wide range of food and commodities

45
Q

What were people’s reactions to the General Maximum?

A
  • Peasants- rate often below the cost of production

* Sans-Culottes- happy because they could afford bread

46
Q

When was the Political Terror?

A

October 1793

47
Q

What were the 3 forms of the Political Terror?

A
  • ’Official Terror’- victims came before the Revolutionary Tribunal
  • Areas of federal revolt such as the Vendée
  • Other parts of France under the control of representatives-on-mission (CGS)
48
Q

When was Marie Antoinette executed?

A

October 16 1793

49
Q

When was the Law of Suspects passed?

A

September 1793

50
Q

What was the Law of Suspects?

A

Anyone suspected of counter-revolutionary activity and undermining the Republic could be arrested and held without trial indefinitely

51
Q

How many people died during the Terror?

A

16,594

52
Q

When was the new Revolutionary Calendar introduced?

A

5 October 1793

53
Q

What years were included in Year I?

A

22 September 1792- 21 September 1793

54
Q

When was the Great Terror?

A

10 June- 27 July 1794

55
Q

What was the Law of Prairial?

A

Reform the Revolutionary Tribunal to secure more convictions. It was aimed against the ‘enemies of the people’

56
Q

When does Robespierre first begin to lose support?

A

Spring/Summer 1794

57
Q

In which areas does Robespierre lose support?

A
  • Catholics
  • Sans-Culottes
  • CPS/CGS
58
Q

Why did Robespierre lose support amongst Catholics?

A

Cult of the Supreme Being- a new religion to unite all Frenchmen

59
Q

Why did Robespierre lose support from the Sans-Culottes?

A
  • Execution of Hébertistes
  • Dissolution of popular societies
  • Raising of Maximum on prices
  • Imposing of Maximum on wages
60
Q

Why did Robespierre lose support from the CGS/CPS?

A

Felt threatened by Robespierre. Many were becoming suspicious of him particularly following the introduction of the Cult of the Supreme Being

61
Q

What is the Coup of Thermidor?

A

The overthrow of Robespierre and his closest supporters which marked the end of the Terror

62
Q

When was Robespierre arrested?

A

9 Thermidor (27 July 1794)

63
Q

When was the uprising in Germinal?

A

1 April 1795

64
Q

What happened at the Germinal uprising?

A

A large crowd of 10,000 unarmed march on the Convention and demanded for bread and the release of former CPS members

65
Q

When was the Prairial uprising?

A

20 May 1795

66
Q

What happened at the Prairial uprising?

A

Large crowd marched on the Convention to demand bread- a deputy was killed and marked the end of the Sans-Culottes

67
Q

When was the White Terror?

A

June 1795

68
Q

What was the White Terror?

A

An attack on ex-terrorists

69
Q

When was the new Constitution of Year III?

A

22 August 1795

70
Q

What were the main features of the Constitution of Year III?

A
  • All men over 21 were allowed to vote to choose electors

* Separate legislature from the executive

71
Q

What were the weaknesses of the new constitution (Year III)?

A

Enforced the separation of powers- government could not make laws without the support of the legislature

72
Q

When was the Verona Declaration?

A

24 June 1795

73
Q

What was the Verona Declaration?

A

A reactionary statement promising to reverse the gains made during the revolution

74
Q

Did the Verona Declaration succeed or fail?

A

Failed- gave a boost to those who favoured a Republic

75
Q

When was the Vendémiaire uprising?

A

5 October 1795 (13 Vendémiaire)

76
Q

How many people gathered to march on the Convention in 1795?

A

25,000

77
Q

What was Napoleon’s signature artillery fire?

A

Whiff of Grapeshot- crushed the rebellion

78
Q

He many people were killed in the Vendémiaire uprising?

A

300

79
Q

How many people were a member of the Directory?

A

5

80
Q

When was the Babeuf Plot?

A

March 1796

81
Q

What was the aim of the Babeuf Plot?

A

Overthrow the Directory- resulted in Babeuf’s arrest in May 1796

82
Q

When was the Constitution of Year VIII declared?

A

15 December 1799

83
Q

How long did the Directory last for?

A

4 years 1795-1799

84
Q

What happened in December 1800?

A

Assassination attempt on Napoleon

85
Q

What was created in 1800?

A

The Bank of France

86
Q

When was the Napoleonic Empire created?

A

18 May 1804

87
Q

When was the War of the Third Coalition?

A

1803-1805

88
Q

When was the War of the Fourth Coalition?

A

1806-1807

89
Q

What happened in 1806?

A

French domination in Germany by defeating Austria and abolishing the Holy Roman Empire

90
Q

When was the Peninsular War?

A

1808

91
Q

Why was there a Peninsular War?

A

Secure the defeat of Britain

92
Q

What were some consequences to the Peninsular War?

A

Large numbers or Spanish people rose against French rule

93
Q

When was the invasion of Russia?

A

1812

94
Q

What is scorched earth?

A

Destroying all food and shelter of the French- Napoleon found it difficult to feel his men and horses

95
Q

When was the Battle of Waterloo?

A

June 1815

96
Q

Who was leading the British army?

A

Wellington

97
Q

When was Napoleon exiled?

A

November 1815

98
Q

when did the French Revolution end?

A

Second Treaty of Paris- November 1815

AS History- French Revolution (3 decks)

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