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Music Appreciation > The more emphasized terms - Reversed Cards edition > Flashcards

The more emphasized terms - Reversed Cards edition Flashcards

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1
Q

Brass instruments of moderately low range, whose tube is an elongated loop with a movable slide, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz ensembles.

A

Trombone

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2
Q

Soprano

A

Female voice of high range.

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3
Q

Brass instrument

A

Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of the player’s lips as he or she blows into a cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. The vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is flared at the end.

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4
Q

Degree of loudness or softness in music.

A

Dynamics

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5
Q

Moderately slow, a walking pace.

A

Andante

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6
Q

Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. When a piece is in the key of C major, for example, C is the keynote.

A

Keynote; tonic

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7
Q

Cadence

A

(1) Resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody. (2) Progression giving a sense of conclusion, often from the dominant chord to the tonic chord.

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8
Q

Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.

A

Beat

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9
Q

Presentation of a melodic idea by one voice or instrument that is immediately followed by its restatement by another voice or instrument, as in a round.

A

Imitation

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10
Q

Pitch

A

Relative highness or lowness of a sound.

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11
Q

Moderately fast.

A

Allegretto

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12
Q

Fast.

A

Allegro

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13
Q

English horn

A

Double-reed woodwind instrument, slightly larger than the oboe and with a lower range, straight in shape with an egg-shaped bell.

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14
Q

Soft.

A

Piano; p

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15
Q

Family of single-reed woodwind instruments.

A

Saxophone

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16
Q

Minor scale

A

Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eighth repeating the first tone and octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic.

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17
Q

Homophonic texture

A

Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords.

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18
Q

Symbol which notates a pitch one half step higher than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated – for example, the next higher black key on the piano.

A

Sharp sign (symbol is ♯)

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19
Q

Widely used keyboard instrument of great range and versatility, whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking against steel strings.

A

Piano

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20
Q

Register

A

Part of the total range of an instrument or voice. The tone color of the instrument or voice may vary with the register, high, low, or middle, in which it is played or sung.

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21
Q

Produces a tone.

A

Definite pitch percussion instrument

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22
Q

Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard.

A

Key; tonality

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23
Q

Moderately loud.

A

Mezzo forte; mf

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24
Q

Crescendo (symbol is < )

A

Gradually louder.

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25
Q

Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand, or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing.

A

Percussion instrument

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26
Q

Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody.

A

Complete cadence

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27
Q

Single melodic line without accompaniment.

A

Monophonic texture

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28
Q

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, the largest of the orchestral drums.

A

Bass drum

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29
Q

Moderately soft.

A

Mezzo piano; mp

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30
Q

Key signature

A

Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of a piece of music, indicating the key in which the music is to be played.

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31
Q

Forte; f

A

Loud.

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32
Q

Tuba

A

Largest brass instrument, with the lowest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras and bands.

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33
Q

Part of the total range of an instrument or voice. The tone color of the instrument or voice may vary with the register, high, low, or middle, in which it is played or sung.

A

Register

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34
Q

Moderate.

A

Moderato

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35
Q

Bassoon

A

Double-reed woodwind instrument, made of wood, having a low range.

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36
Q

Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.

A

Pitch range

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37
Q

Very soft.

A

Pianissimo; pp

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38
Q

Notation on a staff to indicate relatively high pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist’s right hand.

A

Treble clef

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39
Q

Piano

A

Widely used keyboard instrument of great range and versatility, whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking against steel strings.

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40
Q

Unison

A

Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice at the same pitch or in different octaves.

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41
Q

Keyboard instrument, widely used from about 1500 to 1775, whose sound is produced by plectra that pluck its wire strings. The harpsichord was revived during the 20th century.

A

Harpsichord

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42
Q

Unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat.

A

Upbeat

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43
Q

Tonic chord

A

Triad built on the first, or tonic, note of the scale, serving as the main chord of a piece and usually beginning and ending it.

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44
Q

Largest brass instrument, with the lowest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras and bands.

A

Tuba

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45
Q

Percussion instruments of definite pitch, shaped like large kettles with calfskin or plastic stretched across the tops, played with soft padded mallets.

A

Timpani; Kettledrums

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46
Q

Pattern of 3 beats to the measure.

A

Triple meter

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47
Q

Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice at the same pitch or in different octaves.

A

Unison

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48
Q

Vibrato

A

Small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the string down.

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49
Q

Bass

A

Male voice of low range.

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50
Q

Duple meter

A

Pattern of 2 beats to the measure.

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51
Q

Cello; Violoncello

A

String instrument with a range lower than that of the viola and higher than that of the double bass.

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52
Q

Plucked string instrument, consisting of strings stretched within a triangular frame.

A

Harp

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53
Q

Form

A

Organization of musical ideas in time.

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54
Q

Two numbers, one above the other, appearing at the beginning of a staff or the start of a piece, indicating the meter of the piece.

A

Time signature; meter signature

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55
Q

Organization of beats into regular groups.

A

Meter

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56
Q

Alto; Contralto

A

Female voice of low range.

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57
Q

Rapid repetition of a tone, produced in string instruments by quick up-and-down strokes of the bow.

A

Tremolo

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58
Q

Imitation

A

Presentation of a melodic idea by one voice or instrument that is immediately followed by its restatement by another voice or instrument, as in a round.

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59
Q

Harp

A

Plucked string instrument, consisting of strings stretched within a triangular frame.

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60
Q

Prestissimo

A

As fast as possible.

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61
Q

Guitar

A

Plucked string instrument with six strings stretched along a fretted fingerboard.

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62
Q

Symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to show the exact pitch of notes placed on each line and space.

A

Clef

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63
Q

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a register one octave lower than that of the bassoon.

A

Contrabassoon

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64
Q

Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music and often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played.

A

Tempo indication

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65
Q

Smallest interval traditionally used in western music; for example, the interval between ti and do.

A

Half step

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66
Q

Complete cadence

A

Definite resting place, giving a sense of finality, at the end of a phrase in a melody.

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67
Q

String instrument with a lower range than the violin and a higher range than the cello.

A

Viola

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68
Q

In notation of rhythm, a symbol to indicate the duration of silence in the music.

A

Rest

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69
Q

Rhythmic groups set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats.

A

Measure

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70
Q

Tambourine

A

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken.

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71
Q

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a relatively high range, conical in shape with a small flared bell.

A

Oboe

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72
Q

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a pair of metal plates, played by striking the plates against each other.

A

Cymbals

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73
Q

Lively.

A

Vivace

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74
Q

Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time.

A

Polyphonic texture

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75
Q

Snare drum; Side drum

A

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, in the shape of a cylinder with a stretched skin at either end. A “snare” of gut or metal is stretched below the lower skin and produces a rattling sound when the drum is stuck.

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76
Q

Music based on a major scale.

A

Major key

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77
Q

Flute

A

Woodwind instrument, usually made of metal, with a high range, whose tone is produced by blowing across the edge of a mouth hole.

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78
Q

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a triangular length of metal suspended from a hook or cord, played by striking with a metal rod.

A

Triangle

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79
Q

Pitch range

A

Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.

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80
Q

Andante

A

Moderately slow, a walking pace.

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81
Q

Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.

A

Tone color; Timbre

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82
Q

Symbol used in notation of pitch to cancel a previous sharp or flat sign.

A

Natural sign (symbol is ♮)

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83
Q

Central key of a piece of music, usually both beginning and ending the piece, regardless of how many other keys are included.

A

Tonic key; Home key

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84
Q

Tempo indication

A

Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music and often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played.

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85
Q

Tonic key; Home key

A

Central key of a piece of music, usually both beginning and ending the piece, regardless of how many other keys are included.

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86
Q

Pattern of 2 beats to the measure.

A

Duple meter

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87
Q

Symbol which notates a pitch on half step lower than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated – for example, the next lower key on the piano.

A

Flat sign (symbol is ♭)

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88
Q

Tone color; Timbre

A

Quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.

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89
Q

Flat sign (symbol is ♭)

A

Symbol which notates a pitch on half step lower than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated – for example, the next lower key on the piano.

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90
Q

Bass Clarinet

A

Member of the clarinet family, having a low range. Its shape is curved at the end before flaring into a bell.

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91
Q

“Distance” in pitch between any two tones.

A

Interval

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92
Q

Step

A

Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale.

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93
Q

Member of the clarinet family, having a low range. Its shape is curved at the end before flaring into a bell.

A

Bass Clarinet

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94
Q

Time signature; meter signature

A

Two numbers, one above the other, appearing at the beginning of a staff or the start of a piece, indicating the meter of the piece.

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95
Q

Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player’s lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them.

A

Double-reed woodwinds

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96
Q

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a skin stretched across a shallow cylinder, with small circular plates set into the cylinder which jingle when the skin is struck or the cylinder is shaken.

A

Tambourine

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97
Q

Mezzo forte; mf

A

Moderately loud.

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98
Q

In notation, a black or white oval to which a stem or flags can be added.

A

Note

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99
Q

Pianissimo; pp

A

Very soft.

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100
Q

Definite pitch percussion instrument

A

Produces a tone.

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101
Q

Tone combination that is stable and restful.

A

Consonance

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102
Q

Sharp sign (symbol is ♯)

A

Symbol which notates a pitch one half step higher than the pitch that would otherwise be indicated – for example, the next higher black key on the piano.

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103
Q

Dotted note

A

Note with a dot to the right of it. This dot increases the note’s undotted duration by half.

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104
Q

Becoming slower.

A

Ritardando

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105
Q

Octave

A

Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone.

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106
Q

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, in the shape of a cylinder with a stretched skin at either end. A “snare” of gut or metal is stretched below the lower skin and produces a rattling sound when the drum is stuck.

A

Snare drum; Side drum

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107
Q

Keyboard instrument with many sets of pipes controlled from two or more keyboards including a pedal keyboard played by the organist’s feet. The keys control valves from which air is blown across or through openings in the pipes. (The electric organ is an electronic instrument that is sometimes designed to imitate the sound of a pipe organ.)

A

Organ; Pipe organ

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108
Q

Triangle

A

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a triangular length of metal suspended from a hook or cord, played by striking with a metal rod.

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109
Q

Meter

A

Organization of beats into regular groups.

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110
Q

Double bass; Bass

A

Largest string instrument, having the lowest range of the string family.

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111
Q

As fast as possible.

A

Prestissimo

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112
Q

Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter.

A

Dotted rhythm

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113
Q

Slow.

A

Adagio

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114
Q

Style

A

Characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone, color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form in music.

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115
Q

Two-part form; Binary form (A B)

A

Form that can be represented as a statement (A) and counterstatement (B).

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116
Q

Instrument whose sound is produced by vibrations of air in a tube; holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by the fingers, or by pads, to control the pitch.

A

Woodwind insturment

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117
Q

Part of a melody.

A

Phrase

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118
Q

Upbeat

A

Unaccented pulse preceding the downbeat.

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119
Q

Oboe

A

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a relatively high range, conical in shape with a small flared bell.

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120
Q

Adagio

A

Slow.

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121
Q

Cornet

A

Brass instrument similar in shape to the trumpet, with a mellower tone.

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122
Q

Harpsichord

A

Keyboard instrument, widely used from about 1500 to 1775, whose sound is produced by plectra that pluck its wire strings. The harpsichord was revived during the 20th century.

123
Q

Moderato

A

Moderate.

124
Q

Device used to veil or muffle the tone of an instrument. For string instruments, the mute is a clamp that fits onto the bridge; for brass instruments, it is a funnel-shaped piece of wood, metal, or plastic that fits into the bell.

A

Mute

125
Q

Triple meter

A

Pattern of 3 beats to the measure.

126
Q

Major key

A

Music based on a major scale.

127
Q

Notation showing all the parts of a musical ensemble, with a separate staff for each part, and with simultaneously sounded notes aligned vertically; used by the conductor.

A

Score

128
Q

Metronome

A

Apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed.

129
Q

Small fluctuations of pitch that make the tone warmer, produced in string instruments by rocking the left hand while it presses the string down.

A

Vibrato

130
Q

Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of a piece of music, indicating the key in which the music is to be played.

A

Key signature

131
Q

First, or stressed, beat of a measure.

A

Downbeat

132
Q

Saxophone

A

Family of single-reed woodwind instruments.

133
Q

(1) Resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody. (2) Progression giving a sense of conclusion, often from the dominant chord to the tonic chord.

A

Cadence

134
Q

Euphonium

A

Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba and the baritone horn, with a higher range than the tuba’s, commonly used in bands.

135
Q

Male voice of high range.

A

Tenor

136
Q

Timpani; Kettledrums

A

Percussion instruments of definite pitch, shaped like large kettles with calfskin or plastic stretched across the tops, played with soft padded mallets.

137
Q

Triad

A

Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale, such as do, mi sol.

138
Q

Dominant chord

A

Triad built on the fifth note of the scale, which sets up tension that is resolved by the tonic chord.

139
Q

Reed

A

Very thin piece of cane, used in woodwind instruments to produce sound as it is set into vibration by a stream of air.

140
Q

Half step

A

Smallest interval traditionally used in western music; for example, the interval between ti and do.

141
Q

Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrase.

A

Incomplete cadence

142
Q

Staff

A

In notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned.

143
Q

French horn; Horn

A

Brass instrument of medium range, whose tube is coiled into a roughly circular shape and fitted with valves, commonly used in symphony orchestras and in bands.

144
Q

Keynote; tonic

A

Central tone of a melody or larger piece of music. When a piece is in the key of C major, for example, C is the keynote.

145
Q

Thin stick used by many conductors to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo.

A

Baton

146
Q

Downbeat

A

First, or stressed, beat of a measure.

147
Q

Keyboard instrument

A

Instrument – such as the piano, organ or harpsichord – played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers.

148
Q

Vivace

A

Lively.

149
Q

Tremolo

A

Rapid repetition of a tone, produced in string instruments by quick up-and-down strokes of the bow.

150
Q

Produces a noiselike sound.

A

Indefinite pitch percussion instrument

151
Q

Triad built on the first, or tonic, note of the scale, serving as the main chord of a piece and usually beginning and ending it.

A

Tonic chord

152
Q

Characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone, color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form in music.

A

Style

153
Q

Musical texture

A

Number of layers of sound that are heard at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other.

154
Q

Progression form a dissonance to a consonance.

A

Resolution

155
Q

Allegretto

A

Moderately fast.

156
Q

Triad built on the fifth note of the scale, which sets up tension that is resolved by the tonic chord.

A

Dominant chord

157
Q

Broken chord; arpeggio

A

Sounding of the individual tones of a chord in sequence rather than simultaneously.

158
Q

Electronic instrument

A

Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means.

159
Q

Treble clef

A

Notation on a staff to indicate relatively high pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist’s right hand.

160
Q

Modulation

A

Shift from one key to another within the same piece.

161
Q

Baton

A

Thin stick used by many conductors to beat time and indicate pulse and tempo.

162
Q

Range

A

Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.

163
Q

Chord

A

Combination of three or more tones sounded at once.

164
Q

Technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole.

A

Counterpoint

165
Q

Term describing music in which one main melody is accompanied by chords.

A

Homophonic texture

166
Q

String instrument

A

Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings.

167
Q

Music based on a minor scale.

A

Minor key

168
Q

Scale including all twelve tones of the octave; each tone is a half step away from the next one.

A

Chromatic scale

169
Q

Piano; p

A

Soft.

170
Q

Double-reed woodwinds

A

Instruments whose sound is produced by two narrow pieces of cane held between the player’s lips; these pieces vibrate when the player blows between them.

171
Q

Brass instrument of medium range, whose tube is coiled into a roughly circular shape and fitted with valves, commonly used in symphony orchestras and in bands.

A

French horn; Horn

172
Q

Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music.

A

Rhythm

173
Q

Gradually louder.

A

Crescendo (symbol is < )

174
Q

Viola

A

String instrument with a lower range than the violin and a higher range than the cello.

175
Q

Organization of musical ideas in time.

A

Form

176
Q

Striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood.

A

Contrast

177
Q

Sounding of the individual tones of a chord in sequence rather than simultaneously.

A

Broken chord; arpeggio

178
Q

String instrument with the highest range of the string family.

A

Violin

179
Q

Beat

A

Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.

180
Q

Decrescendo; Diminuendo (symbol is > )

A

Gradually softer.

181
Q

Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra.

A

Concertmaster

182
Q

Clarinet

A

Single-reed woodwind instrument with a beak-shaped mouthpiece, cylindrical in shape with a slightly flared bell.

183
Q

Presto

A

Very fast.

184
Q

Key; tonality

A

Central note, scale, and chord within a piece, in relationship to which all other tones in the composition are heard.

185
Q

Largest string instrument, having the lowest range of the string family.

A

Double bass; Bass

186
Q

Rest

A

In notation of rhythm, a symbol to indicate the duration of silence in the music.

187
Q

Chromatic scale

A

Scale including all twelve tones of the octave; each tone is a half step away from the next one.

188
Q

Incomplete cadence

A

Inconclusive resting point at the end of a phrase, which sets up expectations for the following phrase.

189
Q

Bow

A

Slightly curved stick strung tightly with horsehair, used to play string instruments.

190
Q

Symbol on the staff indicating relatively low pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist’s left hand.

A

Bass clef

191
Q

Fortissimo; ff

A

Very loud.

192
Q

Dotted rhythm

A

Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter.

193
Q

Number of layers of sound that are heard at once, what kinds of layers they are, and how they are related to each other.

A

Musical texture

194
Q

Double-reed woodwind instrument, slightly larger than the oboe and with a lower range, straight in shape with an egg-shaped bell.

A

English horn

195
Q

Interval between two tones in which the higher tone has twice the frequency of the lower tone.

A

Octave

196
Q

Interval

A

“Distance” in pitch between any two tones.

197
Q

Most basic of chords, consisting of three alternate tones of the scale, such as do, mi sol.

A

Triad

198
Q

Scale

A

Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low.

199
Q

Instrument, made of brass or silver, whose sound is produced by the vibrations of the player’s lips as he or she blows into a cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. The vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is flared at the end.

A

Brass instrument

200
Q

Distance between the highest and lowest tones that a given voice or instrument can produce.

A

Range

201
Q

Loud.

A

Forte; f

202
Q

Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba, with a higher range, commonly used in bands.

A

Baritone horn

203
Q

Measure

A

Rhythmic groups set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats.

204
Q

Consonance

A

Tone combination that is stable and restful.

205
Q

Bass drum

A

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, the largest of the orchestral drums.

206
Q

Woodwind instrument, usually made of metal, with a high range, whose tone is produced by blowing across the edge of a mouth hole.

A

Flute

207
Q

Baritone horn

A

Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba, with a higher range, commonly used in bands.

208
Q

Phrase

A

Part of a melody.

209
Q

Largo

A

Very slow, broad.

210
Q

Woodwind insturment

A

Instrument whose sound is produced by vibrations of air in a tube; holes along the length of tube are opened and closed by the fingers, or by pads, to control the pitch.

211
Q

Cymbals

A

Percussion instrument of indefinite pitch, consisting of a pair of metal plates, played by striking the plates against each other.

212
Q

Trombone

A

Brass instruments of moderately low range, whose tube is an elongated loop with a movable slide, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz ensembles.

213
Q

Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale.

A

Leap

214
Q

Very slow, solemn.

A

Grave

215
Q

Concertmaster

A

Principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra.

216
Q

Gradually softer.

A

Decrescendo; Diminuendo (symbol is > )

217
Q

Repetition

A

Reiteration of a motive, phrase, or section, often used to create a sense of unity.

218
Q

Form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A).

A

Three-part form (A B A)

219
Q

Tie

A

In notation of rhythm, an arc between two notes of the same pitch indicating that the second note should not be played but should be added to the duration of the first.

220
Q

Instrument – such as the piano, organ or harpsichord – played by pressing a series of keys with the fingers.

A

Keyboard instrument

221
Q

Allegro

A

Fast.

222
Q

Dissonance

A

Tone combination that is unstable and tense.

223
Q

Combination of three or more tones sounded at once.

A

Chord

224
Q

Resolution

A

Progression form a dissonance to a consonance.

225
Q

Mezzo piano; mp

A

Moderately soft.

226
Q

Brass instrument similar in shape to the trumpet, with a mellower tone.

A

Cornet

227
Q

Slightly curved stick strung tightly with horsehair, used to play string instruments.

A

Bow

228
Q

Note

A

In notation, a black or white oval to which a stem or flags can be added.

229
Q

In notation of rhythm, an arc between two notes of the same pitch indicating that the second note should not be played but should be added to the duration of the first.

A

Tie

230
Q

Instrument whose sound is produced by the vibration of strings.

A

String instrument

231
Q

Notation

A

System of writing down music so that specific pitches and rhythms can be communicated.

232
Q

Very slow, broad.

A

Largo

233
Q

Harmony

A

How chords are constructed and how they follow each other.

234
Q

String instrument with a range lower than that of the viola and higher than that of the double bass.

A

Cello; Violoncello

235
Q

Mute

A

Device used to veil or muffle the tone of an instrument. For string instruments, the mute is a clamp that fits onto the bridge; for brass instruments, it is a funnel-shaped piece of wood, metal, or plastic that fits into the bell.

236
Q

Leap

A

Interval larger than that between two adjacent tones in the scale.

237
Q

Organ; Pipe organ

A

Keyboard instrument with many sets of pipes controlled from two or more keyboards including a pedal keyboard played by the organist’s feet. The keys control valves from which air is blown across or through openings in the pipes. (The electric organ is an electronic instrument that is sometimes designed to imitate the sound of a pipe organ.)

238
Q

Smallest woodwind instrument, having the highest range; a smaller version of the flute.

A

Piccolo

239
Q

Plucked string instrument with six strings stretched along a fretted fingerboard.

A

Guitar

240
Q

Single-reed woodwind instrument with a beak-shaped mouthpiece, cylindrical in shape with a slightly flared bell.

A

Clarinet

241
Q

Indefinite pitch percussion instrument

A

Produces a noiselike sound.

242
Q

Form that can be represented as a statement (A) and counterstatement (B).

A

Two-part form; Binary form (A B)

243
Q

System of writing down music so that specific pitches and rhythms can be communicated.

A

Notation

244
Q

Very fast.

A

Presto

245
Q

Progression

A

Series of chords.

246
Q

Male voice of low range.

A

Bass

247
Q

Accelerando

A

Becoming faster.

248
Q

Tenor

A

Male voice of high range.

249
Q

Female voice of low range.

A

Alto; Contralto

250
Q

Very thin piece of cane, used in woodwind instruments to produce sound as it is set into vibration by a stream of air.

A

Reed

251
Q

Series of seven different tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristic.

A

Major scale

252
Q

Clef

A

Symbol placed at the beginning of the staff to show the exact pitch of notes placed on each line and space.

253
Q

Bass clef

A

Symbol on the staff indicating relatively low pitch ranges, such as those played by a pianist’s left hand.

254
Q

Three-part form (A B A)

A

Form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A).

255
Q

Series of seven tones within an octave, with an eighth repeating the first tone and octave higher, composed of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the half step between the second and third tones is characteristic.

A

Minor scale

256
Q

Interval between two adjacent tones in the scale.

A

Step

257
Q

Pattern of 4 beats to the measure.

A

Quadruple meter

258
Q

Natural sign (symbol is ♮)

A

Symbol used in notation of pitch to cancel a previous sharp or flat sign.

259
Q

Quadruple meter

A

Pattern of 4 beats to the measure.

260
Q

Brass instruments with the highest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz and rock groups.

A

Trumpet

261
Q

Series of chords.

A

Progression

262
Q

Female voice of high range.

A

Soprano

263
Q

Whole step

A

Interval twice as large as the half step; for example, the interval between do and re.

264
Q

Double-reed woodwind instrument, made of wood, having a low range.

A

Bassoon

265
Q

Tone combination that is unstable and tense.

A

Dissonance

266
Q

Tempo

A

Basic pace of the music.

267
Q

Accent

A

Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch than the notes near it.

268
Q

Dynamics

A

Degree of loudness or softness in music.

269
Q

Basic pace of the music.

A

Tempo

270
Q

Major scale

A

Series of seven different tones within an octave, with an eighth tone repeating the first tone an octave higher, consisting of a specific pattern of whole and half steps; the whole step between the second and third tones is characteristic.

271
Q

Contrast

A

Striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood.

272
Q

Trumpet

A

Brass instruments with the highest range, commonly used in symphony orchestras, bands, and jazz and rock groups.

273
Q

Contrabassoon

A

Double-reed woodwind instrument with a register one octave lower than that of the bassoon.

274
Q

Series of pitches arranged in order from low to high or high to low.

A

Scale

275
Q

Tone

A

Sound that has a definite pitch, or frequency.

276
Q

In notation, a set of five horizontal lines between or on which notes are positioned.

A

Staff

277
Q

Brass instrument similar in shape to the tuba and the baritone horn, with a higher range than the tuba’s, commonly used in bands.

A

Euphonium

278
Q

Apparatus that produces ticking sounds or flashes of light at any desired constant speed.

A

Metronome

279
Q

How chords are constructed and how they follow each other.

A

Harmony

280
Q

Piccolo

A

Smallest woodwind instrument, having the highest range; a smaller version of the flute.

281
Q

Becoming faster.

A

Accelerando

282
Q

Rhythm

A

Ordered flow of music through time; the pattern of durations of notes and silences in music.

283
Q

Ritardando

A

Becoming slower.

284
Q

Relative highness or lowness of a sound.

A

Pitch

285
Q

Sound that has a definite pitch, or frequency.

A

Tone

286
Q

Violin

A

String instrument with the highest range of the string family.

287
Q

Shift from one key to another within the same piece.

A

Modulation

288
Q

Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece.

A

Single-reed woodwinds

289
Q

Percussion instrument

A

Instrument of definite or indefinite pitch whose sound is produced by striking by hand, or with a stick or hammer, or by shaking or rubbing.

290
Q

Counterpoint

A

Technique of combining two or more melodic lines into a meaningful whole.

291
Q

Monophonic texture

A

Single melodic line without accompaniment.

292
Q

Interval twice as large as the half step; for example, the interval between do and re.

A

Whole step

293
Q

Reiteration of a motive, phrase, or section, often used to create a sense of unity.

A

Repetition

294
Q

Note with a dot to the right of it. This dot increases the note’s undotted duration by half.

A

Dotted note

295
Q

Emphasis of a note, which may result from its being louder, longer, or higher in pitch than the notes near it.

A

Accent

296
Q

Conductor

A

Leader of a performing group of musicians.

297
Q

Polyphonic texture

A

Performance of two or more melodic lines of relatively equal interest at the same time.

298
Q

Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means.

A

Electronic instrument

299
Q

Very loud.

A

Fortissimo; ff

300
Q

Leader of a performing group of musicians.

A

Conductor

301
Q

Minor key

A

Music based on a minor scale.

302
Q

Single-reed woodwinds

A

Instruments whose sound is produced by a single piece of cane, or reed, fastened over a hole in the mouthpiece. The reed vibrates when the player blows into the mouthpiece.

303
Q

Score

A

Notation showing all the parts of a musical ensemble, with a separate staff for each part, and with simultaneously sounded notes aligned vertically; used by the conductor.

304
Q

Grave

A

Very slow, solemn.

Music Appreciation (3 decks)

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