The Mol Flashcards
What is the mole?
A unit of amount.
1 mol = 6.02 x 10^23 entities.
What is Avogadro’s constant?
The number of entities in 1 mol of a substance.
What is molar mass?
The mass of 1 mol of a substance.
What does the Law of Definite Proportions state?
A compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass.
What is an empirical formula?
The simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.
What is a molecular formula?
Shows the actual number of atoms and elements that make up the molecule or formula unit.
What is the relationship between molecular and empirical formulas?
The molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula.
How do we find the factor to multiply the empirical formula?
Need molecular mass of the compound, requires a mass spectrometer.
What is a limiting reactant?
The reactant that runs out first.
What is an excess reactant?
The reactant that is left over.
What is theoretical yield?
The amount of product calculated to be produced by stoichiometry.
What is actual yield?
The amount of product measured in the lab.
What are some reasons why the yield in the lab may be less than calculated?
- Reversible Reactions
- Experimental Error
- Impurities in Chemicals
What is a hydrate?
Ionic compounds that trap water molecules within their crystal structure as they crystallize.
What are the water molecules in a hydrate called?
The water of hydration.
