The Migration of Scots

Question 1

Economic push factors - Rural workers had less of a chance of owning land and wages were less secure. Why?

Answer 1

Large enclosed farms

Question 2

Economic push factors - What did the agricultural revolution mean for jobs in the Scottish Highlands

Answer 2

reduction because of improved farming methods and technologies

Question 3

Economic push factors - Why did the failure of the potato crop cause people to leave the highlands

Answer 3

80% relied on the crop for food so had to leave as not enough food

Question 4

Economic push factors - What forced many to leave the Highlands from 1846-1856

Answer 4

potato blight

Question 5

Economic push factors - what happened to the herring export market to Germany after world war 1

Answer 5

It collapsed

Question 6

Economic push factors - In the 1830’s the kelp industry collapsed. What was burnt kelp used for?

Answer 6

to dye linen, produce glass and soap.

Question 7

Economic push factors - What did the Highland clearances in the 1850s mean for those that rented land in the Highlands

Answer 7

the people were thrown off their land to be replaced by sheep and livestock as that was a more lucrative business

Question 8

Economic pull factors - What was lucrative about wages in towns

Answer 8

They were better and more steady

Question 9

Economic pull factors - In what industries could you earn 50% more in towns

Answer 9

Cotton, iron and coal manufacturing

Question 10

Economic pull factors - What job opportunities were there for women in towns

Answer 10

Factory work, domestic work - cooks, maids or nannies

Question 11

Social push factors - What made the housing undesirable in the highlands

Answer 11

poor quality - bothies and black houses had very little ventilation or comfort

Question 12

Social push factors - what drawbacks did rural work have

Answer 12

low pay, long hours, very few holidays

Question 13

Social push factors - What were the education opportunities like in the highlands

Answer 13

They were limited

Question 14

Social pull factors - what did improved transport - the new railways and steam boat links mean for travel

Answer 14

Made travel cheaper, quicker and less dangerous

Question 15

Social pull factors - when did the first railway reach Aberdeen and Inverness respectively

Answer 15

Aberdeen 1850 and Inverness 1855

Question 16

Social pull factors - What did towns have that the Highlands didn’t and when was the first cinema built in Edinburgh

Answer 16

Towns had more freedom and leisure opportunities for workers and the first cinema was built in Edinburgh in 1896

Question 17

Cultural push factors - When the children of crofters migrate

Answer 17

for seasonal work during times of economic distress

Question 18

Cultural push factors - What encouraged rural friends and family to migrate

Answer 18

letter from town relatives encouraging them

Question 19

Political push factor - what caused landowners to hold the view that the crofting community housed a redundant population and that movement to towns and cities was inevitable

Answer 19

The highland clearances