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NJROTC > The Middle East: Vocab > Flashcards

The Middle East: Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Caliph

A

Caliph originally meant simply “successor” (to the founder of Islam). But the term came to refer to a universal Muslim ruler.

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2
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

A term refering to a crescent-shaped area reaching from the Nile Valley through the easter shore of the mediterranean to Mesopotamia. This area is commonly called the Middle East.

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3
Q

Autonomous

A

Independent

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4
Q

Sultan

A

A Muslim sovereign

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5
Q

Monotheistic

A

A religion in which its followers adhere to the idea of one God.

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6
Q

Koran

A

The holy book of Islam.

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7
Q

Protectorate

A

A relationship of protection and partial control that a superior power assumes of a dependent country or region.

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8
Q

Mandate

A

A commission, or an assignment, from the league of Nations authorizing a member nation to administer a territory.

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9
Q

Confessionalism

A

A system of allocating offices among different religious and ethnic groups. it was meant to give each group its fair share of power.

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10
Q

Zionism

A

A movement to establish a home in Palestine for the world’s Jews.

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11
Q

Partition

A

To divide

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12
Q

Emigrant

A

Someone who travels out of one place to settle in another.

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13
Q

Nascent

A

Developing

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14
Q

White Paper

A

A statement of government policy.

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15
Q

Viable

A

Able to survive

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16
Q

Yishuv

A

The Jewish community in Palestine before statehood.

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17
Q

Clandestine

A

Secret

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18
Q

Annex

A

Take over

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19
Q

Concession

A

A thing that is granted, especially in response to demands

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20
Q

Nationalize

A

To put under state control

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21
Q

Diaspora

A

The scattering of the Jews far from their traditional homeland

22
Q

Pogroms

A

Organized persecutions or massacres

23
Q

Conscripts

A

Draftees

24
Q

Gross national product

A

The sum total of a country’s output of goods and services

25
Q

Embargo

A

A ban on trade

26
Q

Knesset

A

The Israeli parliament

27
Q

Intifada

A

A period of violence that means ‘uprising’

28
Q

Constitutional Monarchy

A

A government by a king or queen whose powers are limited by the constitution and laws ofthe country.

29
Q

Coup d’etat

A

A sudden takeover of a government

30
Q

pan-Arabism

A

A movement for greater cooperation among the Arab states

31
Q

Status quo antebellum

A

The state of theings before the war

32
Q

WMD

A

Chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons that can kill large numbers of people in one use

33
Q

Terrorism

A

Premediated, politically motivated violence against noncombatants by subnational groups or clandestine agents, generally to influence an audience

34
Q

International terrorism

A

Terrorism that involves the citizens or territory of more than one country

35
Q

Terrorist group

A

Any group that practices terrorism or has a subgroup that does

36
Q

Agenda

A

A set of goals to achieve

37
Q

Figurehead

A

The one that is supposedly in charge

38
Q

Proxy

A

A stand-in

39
Q

Sharia

A

Islamic religious law

40
Q

Wahhabism

A

An austere form of Sunni isalm, a so-called reform movement that began 20 years ago to rid Islamic societies of practices and teachings acquired over the centuries.

41
Q

Caliphate

A

The Arab political unity of Islam’s golden age, centered in Baghdad

42
Q

Insurgency

A

Organized rebelliontrying to overthrow a government

43
Q

Transnational

A

Active across international borders

44
Q

Reactionary

A

Opposed to progress

45
Q

Safe haven

A

A space that provides a secure base for extremist action

46
Q

crude

A

Another name for oil

47
Q

Oil reserves

A

the supply of crude oil that a country can retrieve

48
Q

Cartel

A

A group of independent entities that brand together to control the price of a commodity

49
Q

Quotas

A

Limits

50
Q

Burqa

A

A full-body covering for women that is hard to see out of or walk in comfortably

51
Q

Nuclear nonproliferation

A

Preventing the spread and increase of nuclear weapons

52
Q

Superpowers

A

Militarily superior countries

NJROTC (5 decks)

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