The Middle Ages Flashcards
What caused the fall of ancient Rome?
Too large to rule
Too many borders to protect
Too many tribes moving inside of the Roman borders
How was Europe organized after the fall of Rome?
The groups that moved into Roman territories after the fall of Rome created their own states. The rulers of these states began to call themselves kings. The kings often fought and by the early 500s Europe was divided into many small kingdoms.
Reduction in trade, learning, large cities, growth of kingdoms
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Middle ages vs. Medieval vs. Dark ages
The middle ages are 476 AD-1400’s AD
The beginning of the middle or medieval ages is known as the dark ages.
To classify the entire period as dark would be inaccurate.
A Renaissance scholar named Francesco Petrarch first used the term dark ages.
What is the time frame of the middle ages?
476 AD-1400’s AD
What is feudalism and how is it structured?
Feudalism is a system of agreements between kings, vassals, lords, knights, peasants, and nobles based on the exchange of land, protection, food, and safety. Kings and queens were at the top, then nobles or vassals of the kings and queens were also lords over knights, knights served their nobles in exchange for land, peasants owned no land so they were not a part of the feudal system, but many worked for nobles or knights.
What is a peasant?
common laborers seeking protection
What is a knight?
heavily armored individuals that protected the land
What is a lord?
landowner
What is a king?
the highest part of a feudal system
What is a fief?
small piece of land granted to Vassals or knights in exchange for military service
What is a vassal?
individual who served a lord military
Describe the responsibilities and lives of peasants/serfs
serfs were workers who were tied to the land on which they lived. They were not slaves but they could not leave the land without their lords permission.n They worked on their lord’s land and got a small piece of land to farm for themselves in return. They also got the lord’s protection from outlaws and raiders. Women cooked and made clothing and grew vegetables and gathered firewood. Children tended to sheep and chicken. Men did most of the farming.
What is the manor system?
The lord of the manor controlled everything that happened on his lands. His word was law. He resolved any disputes and punished people who misbehaved. He also collected taxes from the people who lived on his manor. They lords and ladies lived more comfortably than other people on the manor. They had servants and large houses. They often faced disease and war.
What is chivalry?
Europeans called their code of honorable behavior for knights chivalry.
Charles Martel and the Battle of Tours why was this victory essential?
At the Battle of Tours, Charles Martel defeated the Muslims. If this had not happened Muslim armies would have potentially conquered Europe, and threatened/eradicated Christianity/Western Culture. This battle happened in 732 AD
Accomplishments of Charlemagne
More than doubled the territory of the Franks
Subdued barbarian tribes
Built grand churches and Basilicas
Cared for the poor and the needy
wise, intelligent, decisive, and fierce in battle
Revived learning by creating schools and stressing literacy( the ability to read and write)
Discouraged abortions
Charlemagne gave Europe order in the midst of chaos
Significance of his “Empire” during the middle ages
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● After the death of Charlemagne What happened to Europe? (Feudalism)
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● Vikings/Magyars/Muslim Invasions
Medieval Warfare
Vikings led unpredictable and devastating raids. All of these invaders pushed Europe into the feudal age. Vikings eventually convert to Christianity. Raids ended in the mid 1000’s AD. Vikings come from Scandinavian countries. warrior culture excellent ship builders. sacked towns, villages, destroyed churches, local armies, and monasteries. frightening and intimidating. they filed their teeth to look scary.
● What is a siege?
when a military surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside.
● Be able to describe some of the methods of defending a castle from attackers
murder holes. the wall. archers. the moat. the drawbridge. the portcullises.
● Be able to list some of the methods for attacking a castle
digging a tunnel under a wall then burning the supports to make the wall collapse. building a siege tower.
● What invention, or discovery, made castles irrelevant in medieval Europe during the
1400’s?
gunpowder. canons could easily blow holes in the walls of castles thus making castles useless and pointless.
● Monks and Nuns
monks and nuns gave up getting married and having a family. they lived in a monastery
● What were some of the things that monks and nuns did through their monasteries
throughout Europe?
copying manuscripts, praying, maintaining libraries, schools, missions work, preaching to the poor, farming, prayer, taking care of the sick, establishing hospitals
● Role of the monastery in preserving the scriptures/ancient texts
monks would copy the manuscripts/ancient texts
● St. Patrick and his role in spreading christianity to certain areas of Europe
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Holy Roman Empire pg 503
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