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Microbiology > The Microbial World and You > Flashcards

The Microbial World and You Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Living things too small to be seen with the unaided eye are called

A

microorganisms

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2
Q

microbes

A

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae and viruses, archaea, multicellular animal parasites

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3
Q

benefits of microbes

A

generate oxygen by photosynthesis

produce products used in manufacturing and disease treatment

Fermentation

Bioremediation

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4
Q

Prokaryote Microorganisms

A

bacteria and archaea

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5
Q

Eukaryote Microorganisms

A

fungi, protozoa, algae

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6
Q

Three domains

A

bacteria, archaea and eukarya

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7
Q

bacteriology

A

study of bacteria

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8
Q

mycology

A

study of fungi

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9
Q

parasitology

A

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

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10
Q

immunology

A

study of immunity

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11
Q

virology

A

study of viruses

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12
Q

cell theory

A

all living things are composed of cells
Robert Hooke

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13
Q

biogenesis

A

living cells come from preexisting living cells
Rudolf Virchow

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14
Q

spontaneous generation

A

life comes from nonliving matter

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15
Q

father of microbiology; first to observe microorganisms under a microscope

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

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16
Q

performed surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol; proved microbes caused surgical wound infections

A

joseph lister

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17
Q

showed that life did not arise from nonliving matter

showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation

A

louis pasteur

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18
Q

created experimental steps to link a specific microbe to a specific disease

A

robert koch

19
Q

Drawbacks of Microbes

A

can be disease producing

20
Q

Bacteria

A

prokaryotes

single celled

divide by binary fission

peptidoglycan cell walls

derive nutrition from organic or inorganic photosynthesis

21
Q

Archaea

A

prokaryotes

no peptidoglycan cell walls

live in extreme environments

22
Q

Fungi

A

eukaryotes

chitlin cell walls

absorb organic chemicals for energy

unicellular= yeast

molds and mushrooms= multicellular

23
Q

Protozoa

A

eukaryotes

absorb or ingest organic chemicals

free-living or parasitic

move using pseudopods, cilia or flagella

24
Q

Algae

A

eukaryotes

cellulose cell walls

in freshwater, saltwater, or soil

photosynthesis for energy

produce oxygen and carbohydrates

25
Q

Viruses

A

acellular

DNA or RNA core

Core surrounded by protein coat

Coat can be enclosed by lipid envelope

Must live in host cell to replicate

26
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment of disease with chemicals

27
Q

antibiotics

A

chemicals made by bacteria or fungi that stop or kill other microbes

28
Q

developed a synthetic arsenic drug to treat syphilis; magic bullet

A

Paul Ehrlich

29
Q

biotechnology

A

using microbes for practical reasons such as food and chemical production

30
Q

recombinant DNA technology

A

lets bacteria and fungi create a variety of proteins, vaccines and enzymes

31
Q

gene therapy

A

replace missing or defective genes in human cells

32
Q

bacillus thurigeiensis

A

fatal infection in many infects

33
Q

microbial ecology

A

the study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment

34
Q

microbial genetics

A

study of how microbes inherit traits

35
Q

molecular biology

A

study of how DNA directs protein synthesis

36
Q

genomics

A

study of an organism’s genes; provides new tools for classification

37
Q

recombinant DNA

A

DNA made from two different sources
Paul berg: inserted animal DNA into bacterial DNA= produced animal protein

38
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin from penicillium fungus

39
Q

pasteurization

A

applying high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages

40
Q

fermentation

A

microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

41
Q

Algae include

A

methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme thermophiles

42
Q

fungi can be either

A

unicellular or multicellular

43
Q

all protozoa are

A

unicellular

44
Q

viruses are not

A

alive because they cannot reproduce on their own

Microbiology (3 decks)

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