The Mediastinum Flashcards
What are the main contents of the mediastinum?
Trachea, Oesophagus, Aorta, Superior Vena Cava, Heart, pericardium, thoracic duct, nerves
What are the different divisions of the mediastinum?
Superior (above sternal angle), Inferior (below the sternal angle)
Inferior is divided into anterior, middle and posterior
Describe the arrangement of the vagus nerve and phrenic nerve in the mediastinum.
Vagus nerve runs posterior to the airways
Phrenic runs anterior to the airways and is embedded in the pericardium
What vertebral level do the phrenic nerves emerge from?
C3, 4 and 5
What is the name of the connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta? What is this a remnant of?
Ligamentum Arteriosum - remnant of the ductus arteriosus
Where does the vagus nerve go through the diaphragm?
T10 - along with the oesophagus
Describe the position and orientation of the azygous vein.
The azygous vein runs along the right side of the vertebral bodies and arches anteriorly over the right main bronchus to join the SVC.
What are the three main branches of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian
Describe the arrangement of the veins that drain into the superior vena cava.
Right and Left brachiocephalic veins join together to form the SVC
Each brachiocephalic vein is made up of an internal jugular vein and a subclavian vein
What is the nerve that branches off the vagus in the mediastinum near the left lung?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What part of the diaphragm and at which vertebral level does the IVC go through the diaphragm?
T8
Where do the right and left coronary arteries arise?
Ascending Aorta - from just above the cusps of the aortic valve
Describe the position of the ascending and descending aorta in relation to the airways.
Ascending aorta is anterior to the airways and the arch loops around the left main bronchus posteriorly and the descending aorta is posterior to the left main bronchus.
What vertebral levels do the IVC, oesophagus and aorta go through the diaphragm?
8, 10, 12
Other than the internal and external carotid arteries, what other arteries supply the head and neck?
Vertebral arteries from the subclavian arteries