the lungs

Question 1

what is respiratory arrest

Answer 1

-medical emergency leading to a cessation of breathing leading to a lack of oxygen supply to the bodys vital organs, can occur while the heart is still beating

Question 2

what is the lungs

Answer 2

-a pair of spongy air filled organs located in the chest cavity which facilitate gas exchange between the air and bloodstream

Question 3

structure of the lungs

Answer 3

-lobes—>bronchial tree—>alveoli

Question 4

function of the lobes

Answer 4

-each lung is divided into lobes, the right lung has 3 lobes and the left has 2 to accomodate the heart

Question 5

function of the bronchial tree

Answer 5

-trachea splits into 2 main bronchi further dividing into bronchi and bronchioles forming bronchial tree

Question 6

function of alveoli

Answer 6

-tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, primary site of gas exchange, surrounded by capillaries where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood

Question 7

function of pleura

Answer 7

-double layered membrane enclosing the lungs,
-the visceral pleura covers the lungs,
-while the parietal pleura lines the chest cavity, between these layers is the pleural cavity
-filled with pleural fluid which reduces friction during breathing

Question 8

gas exchange

Answer 8

-facilitate gas exchange is the primary function, oxygen from inhaled air passes through alveolar walls into the blood in the surrounding capillaries, simultaneously co2 from the blood passes to the alveoli to be exhaled

Question 9

oxygenation of blood

Answer 9

-oxygen rich blood transported from lungs to heart pumps blood throughout whole body

Question 10

removal of co2

Answer 10

-co2 transported back to lungs via bloodstream and expelled via exhalations

Question 11

regulation of blood pH

Answer 11

-controlling levels of co2 in blood, lungs help to maintain acid base balance of the body

Question 12

describe inhalation

Answer 12

-the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards while intercostal muscles contract and lift the ribcage which increases the volume of the thoracic cavity creating negative pressure that draws air into the lungs

Question 13

describe exhalation

Answer 13

-the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax decreasing volume of thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure inside the lungs which forces air out