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MSK ANATOMY > THE LOWER LIMB > Flashcards

THE LOWER LIMB Flashcards

1
Q

attachments of gluteus maximus

A

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx proximally and iliotibial tract distally

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2
Q

action of gluteus maximus

A

extensor of the hip

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3
Q

attachments of gluteus medius and minimus

A

external/posterior/gluteal aspect of the ilium and anterolateral aspect of the greate trochanter of the femur

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4
Q

action of gluteus medius/minimus

A

abduction and medialy rotation of the thigh

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5
Q

nerve supply to gluteus medius/minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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6
Q

damage to gluteal muscles or their nerve supply can cause

A

trendelenberg gait

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7
Q

nerve supply to gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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8
Q

deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

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9
Q

attachments of the deep gluteal muscles

A

between the sacrum, ilium and ischial spine and tuberosity medially and the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

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10
Q

action of the deep gluteal muscles

A

external roataion of the thigh, and stability of the hip joint

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11
Q

what is the iliotibial tract and where does it run?

A

a thickening of the fascia lata, running from the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle

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12
Q

purpose of the iliotibial tract

A

support the knee joint

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13
Q

what/where is the tensor fasciae latae

A

the muscular part of the fascia lata, enclosed in the proximal posrtion of the tract

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14
Q

which spinal roots make up the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

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15
Q

name the branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial and common fibular

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16
Q

which nerve roots make up the pudendal nerve ?

A

S2-S4

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17
Q

what does the pudendal nerve innervate

A

muscles, skin and fascia of much of the perineum

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18
Q

what nerve roots make up the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

S1-S3

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19
Q

what does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate

A

the skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh

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20
Q

what type of nerve fibres does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh contain

A

sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres

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21
Q

borders of the femoral triangle

A 
superiorly - inguinal ligament
medially - adductor longus
laterally - sartorius 
floor - pectineus medially, iliopsoas laterally
roof - deep fascia
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22
Q

contents of the femoral triangle

A

from lateral to medial - femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymph nodes

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23
Q

contents of the femoral sheath

A

femoral artery and vein

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24
Q

what is the femoral sheath made of

A

a short tube of tranversalis and iliopsoas fascia

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25
Q

which nerve roots form the femoral nerve

26
Q

where does the saphenous nerve branch from

A

femoral nerve

27
Q

where does the saphenous nerve branch from the femoral nerve

A

leaves the adductor canal to pass between sartorius and gracilis

28
Q

what does the saphenous nerve supply

A

anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and medial aspect of the foot

29
Q

what are the contents of the femoral canal

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue

30
Q

what do the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries supply

A

the head of the femur

31
Q

where do the circumflex femoral arteries arise from

A

profunda femoris

32
Q

the inguinal ligament is made up of the

A

inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis

33
Q

muscles of the anterior thigh

A

iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastuc medius and lateralis, and vastus intermedius)

34
Q

proximal attachments of iliopsoas

A

iliac fossa and lumbar transverse processes/IV discs

35
Q

distal attachments of iliopsoas

A

lesser trochanter of femur

36
Q

action of iliopsoas

A

flexion at the hip

37
Q

nerve supply of iliopsoas

A

anterior rami of lumber spinal nerves

38
Q

proximal attachments of sartorius

39
Q

distal attachments of sartorius

A

medial surface of proximal tibia

40
Q

action of sartorius

A

flexion at the hip and knee

41
Q

nerve supply of sartorius

A

femoral nerve

42
Q

proximal attachment of rectus femoris

43
Q

distal attachemtns of rectus femoris

A

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

44
Q

action of the quadriceps femoris

A

extension of the knee

45
Q

nerve supply of quadriceps femoris

A

femoral nerve

46
Q

proximal attachment of vastus muscles (quads)

A

shaft of femur

47
Q

distal attachments of vastus muscles (quads)

A

patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)

48
Q

muscles of the medial thigh

A

gracilis, adductors brevis, longus and magnus

49
Q

which muscle contains a hamstring part and an adductor part

A

adductor magnus

50
Q

where is gracilis located

A

most medially

51
Q

which hamstring crosses the knee

52
Q

which adductor lies most posteriorly

A

adductor magnus

53
Q

which adductor lies most superiorly

A

adductor brevis

54
Q

proximal attachments of the adductors

A

pubis, ischiopubic ramus, or ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of a. magnus)

55
Q

distal attachments of the adductors

A

posterior surface of the shaft of the femur along the linea aspera, or adductor tubercle of the tibia (adductor part of a. magnus)

56
Q

nerve supply to the adductors

A

obturator (L2-L4), except for the hamstring part of a. magnus - tibial nerve

57
Q

sensory innervation of the thigh

A

anterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of femoral nerve - L2-L4), lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (branch of the lumboscaral plexus - L2-L3), cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve (L2-L4)

58
Q

lymph following the great saphenous vein drains into the

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

59
Q

lymph from the superficial inguinal nodes drains into the

A

external iliac nodes

60
Q

lymph following the small saphenous vein drains into the

A

popliteal nodes

61
Q

lymph from the popliteal nodes drains into the

A

deep inguinal nodes

62
Q

the deep inguinal nodes drain into the

A

external iliac nodes

MSK ANATOMY (3 decks)

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