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THE LIVING WORLD Flashcards

1
Q

Who is a founder

A

Who makes a field

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2
Q

Who is a father

A

Who develops a field

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3
Q

Who was Aristotle

A

1st person to classify organisms.

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4
Q

What was the basis of classification of Aristotle

A

Morphology

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5
Q

What were the two classification of Aristotle? Describe them

A

Plants and animals. In plants, there are 3- herbs, shrubs and trees. In animals there are 2, anima and enaima.

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6
Q

Describe herbs, shrubs and trees with examples.

A

Herbs- small, non woody. Eg. Coriander, mint
Shrubs- small-medium, woody. Eg. Tulsi, lemon, rose, china rose.
Tree- medium - large, woody

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7
Q

What are anaima and enaima?

A

Anaima- blood absent. No RBC
Enaima- blood present.

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8
Q

Founder of taxonomy

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

Father of Zoology

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

Father of biology

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Father of botany

A

Theophrastus

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12
Q

Who gave the term taxonomy? What is it’s origin?

A

AP Decandole
Greek origin.

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13
Q

Meaning of taxonomy

A

Studying by arrangement

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14
Q

Steps of taxonomy

A

Characterization or description
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature

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15
Q

Father of taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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16
Q

Who gave the two kingdom classification

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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17
Q

Who gave binomial nomenclature

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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18
Q

Why is Latin used in nomenclature

A

Dead language

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19
Q

Who gave systematics

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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20
Q

Steps of systematics

A

Characterization
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
Phylogeny

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21
Q

What is phylogeny

A

Describes relationship among organisms

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22
Q

What are the two kingdoms in two kingdom classification

A

Plantae and animalia

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23
Q

What are the basis of two kingdom classification

A

Response to external stimuli
Plant - animal +
Mode of nutrition
Plant- autotroph animal - heterotroph
Locomotion
Plant - animal +
Cell wall
Plant + animal -
Contractile vacuole
Plant - animal +

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24
Q

Describe binomial nomenclature

A

1st word- represent genus name(1st letter capital)
2nd word- represent specific epithet(all letters small)

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25
Scientific name of Lion
Panthera leo
26
Scientific name of tiger
Panthera tigris
27
Scientific name of leopard
Panthera pardus
28
Describe binomial nomenclature
Written in italics (written - printed)(represent Latin origin) Latin Universally accepted Underline separately (when handwritten)(to represent Latin origin)
29
Books of Carolus Linnaeus
Systema naturae- nomenclature of animals, 1st edition 1736 10th edition 1756 or 1758(most accepted) Species plantarum- nomenclature of plants,1753
30
Why use scientific name
One name No name used twice
31
Study of different kinds of organisms, and their diversities, but also the relationships among them
Systematics
32
All names of animals are invalid before
1756 or 10th edition of systema naturae
33
All names of plants were invalid before
1753 of species plantarum
34
How are names given in binomial nomenclature
Genus+species+author's name
35
ICBN
International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
36
ICZN
International Code for Zoological Nomenclature
37
ICNB
International Code for Nomenclature of Bacteria
38
What are categories?
All categories are rank
39
What is taxon
Category m taxon hote h
40
Taxon can belong to any category or rank
True
41
Describe taxon
Deals with object Real Belong to any rank
42
Describe category
Deals with rank Abstract One particular rank
43
As we go from kingdom to species, what happens to similarities
Increases
44
What are species
Group of organisms with fundamental similarities
45
Who gave biological species concept
Ernst mayr
46
What is biological species concept
A group of individual or potentially interbreeding population that are reproductively isolated from such group
47
What is genus
Group of closely related species
48
What category represent common ancestory
Genus
49
Name the genus of lion, tiger and leopard
Panthera
50
Name the genus of jungle cat, fishing cat, golden cat
Felis
51
Name the genus of dog, wolf, jackel
Canis
52
Name the genus of potato, brinjal, makoi
Solanum
53
What is a family
Group of closely related genus
54
What is family based on
Vegetative and reproductive features
55
Panthera and felis belongs to which family
Felidae
56
Dhatura, petunia, solanum belongs to which family
Solanaceae
57
What is an order
Group of closely related family
58
Felidae and canidae belong to which order
Carnivora
59
The species sweet potato belongs to which family
Convoluceae
60
Solanaceae and convoluceae belongs to which order
Polymonial Basis- floral character
61
What is a class
Group of closely related order
62
Primata and carnivora belongs to which class
Mammals
63
In chronological order, tell me about species human
K- animalia P- chordata C- Mammalia O- primata F- hominidae G- homo S- human
64
In chronological order, tell me about housefly
K- animalia P- arthropoda C- insecta O- dipthera F- muscidae G- Musca S- Musca domestica
65
In chronological order, tell me about the species wheat
K- plantae D- angiospermae C- monocotyledonae O- poales F- poaceae G- triticum S- wheat(triticum aestivum)
66
In chronological order, tell me about the species Mangifera Indica
K- plantae D- angiospermae C- dicotyledonse O- sapindales F- anacardiaceae G- Mangifera S- Mangifera Indica
67
What is taxonomical aid
Study of diversity. It needs specimen (real or model)
68
What does taxonomical aid require?
Extensive field work as well as laboratory work
69
What are the types of taxonomical aid
2 types Ex situ In situ
70
What is ex situ
Moved to a new habitat which have conditions similar to natural habitat (To protect endangered species)
71
What is in situ
Protection of entire area
72
What's the other type of classification of taxonomical aid
Conservation Preservation
73
What is conserved
Living
74
What is preserved
Dead organisms
75
What is a herbarium
Ex situ, plants, preservation Dictionary of plants for identification Repository for future use
76
Steps for making a herbarium sheet
Collect Dry Press Poison (mercuric chloride)(anti fungal) Mount Deposit
77
Who gave the universally accepted system of classification
Bentham and hooker
78
Size of herbarium sheet
11.5 inches breadth 16.5 inches length
79
What is written in these sheets
Botanical name Collector Date of collection English name Family Place Local name
80
What does family name justify
Morphology
81
What are herbariums associated to
Botanical garden
82
What are botanical garden
Plants Ex situ Conservation
83
What do the trees of the botanical garden have
Family name, genus name, species name(for identification)
84
Give example of botanical garden
National botanical garden - Lucknow (Asia's largest) Lloyd botanical garden - Darjeeling Royal botanical garden - Kew, England ( World's largest) Indian botanical garden - Howrah
85
What is a museum
Plants, animals, skeletons, ex situ, preservation
86
What are the two types of preservation in museum
Wet- formalin Dry- small animal (insect)- collect, kill, pin - large animal - stuff
87
What Is a Zoological park
Wild Animals, ex situ, conservation
88
What is a Zoological park used for
Educational purpose Conditions similar to natural habitat Observe food habits and behaviour
89
What is a key
For plants and animals List of characters for identification
90
Can key be described by the classification of taxonomical aid?
No
91
What is a key based on
Similarities and dissimilarities Analytical We can select an organism and reject other
92
Describe couplet and lead
Couplet- pair of two contrasting statements Lead- each statement
93
What is a monograph
Study of single taxon or category
94
What is a catalogue
Sequential arrangement of names of all species in an area. It is for both plants and animals.
95
What is a manual?
Complete list of all characters of all species in an area( for identification)
96
What are the characters of living
Observable and non observable
97
What are the observable characters
Growth Reproduction Sensitivity
98
What are the non observable characters
Metabolism Replication Organisation
99
What is growth
Increase in number or mass are twin characters
100
Is growth a character of living or a defining feature?
Character of living
101
Is intrinsic growth a character of living or a defining feature?
Defining feature
102
Differentiate in growth of plants and animals
Plant - unlimited (restricted to region) Animal - limited (restricted to age)
103
Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual - 1 parent, gametogenesis can be absent or present, clones are formed Sexual - 2 parents, gametogenesis present, variations are seen
104
What are the types of asexual reproduction
Binary fission Fragmentation Regeneration Budding
105
What is 100% regeneration
Fragmentation
106
Talk about growth and reproduction together
In unicellular- mutually inclusive as they grow due to reproduction In multicellular- mutually exclusive
107
Is reproduction a defining feature
No
108
What is sensitivity
Response to external stimuli Most complicated feature
109
Is sensitivity a defining feature
Yes
110
What does bacteria respond to
Antibodies
111
What do plants respond to
Photoperiod
112
What do animals respond to?
Seasons
113
What is self consciousness
Awareness towards self
114
Is self consciousness a defining feature?
Yes, only of humans
115
What is metabolism
Sum total of all the reactions in body Types- anabolism and catabolism
116
Is metabolism a defining feature?
Yes
117
What is in vitro
Reaction outside the body It is a living reaction but not a living thing
118
What is in vivo
Inside the body
119
Any metabolic reaction outside the body is
Neither living, not non living
120
Is replication a defining feature
Yes
121
Is organisation a defining feature
Yes
122
Differentiate between a person in COMA and brain-dead
COMA- person is living as it is still sensitive Brain-dead - person is dead

Botany Geek (3 decks)

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