Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology of Cells > The Living cell > Flashcards

The Living cell Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell

A

the smallest membrane-bounded unit capable of independent reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cell wall

A

: a structural layer outside the plasma membrane, providing mechanical
strength. Typically present in bacteria, fungi and plants, but not animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

centromere

A

: the point at which a chromosome is attached to the spindle apparatus
during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

centrosome

A

: an organising centre for microtubules that acts as the spindle pole
during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chloroplast

A

: chlorophyll-containing organelle of plant cells, the site of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chromatin

A

: a complex of DNA and proteins, the nucleoprotein material of
chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chromosome

A

: a single large DNA molecule associated with protein in the nucleus of
eucaryotic cells. Sometimes used to refer to the DNA molecules of bacteria,
mitochondria and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cilium (pl. cilia)

A

: a hair-like locomotor organelle of eucaryotic cells, containing a core
of microtubules. Similar to a flagellum but shorter, more numerous and with a
different type of beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cisterna (pl. cisternae)

A

Membrane-bound compartment, usually flattened, as in the

Golgi body or endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

crista (pl. cristae)

A

: infolding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cytoplasm

A

: the contents of the cell outside the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cytoskeleton

A

: structural framework of the cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells, composed of
microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cytosol

A

: the soluble phase of the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

: a system of membranes present in the cytoplasm of
eucaryotes. May have ribosomes bound on the cytoplasmic face to produce rough
ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

eucaryotic

A

: pertaining to cells with a nucleus and complex cytoplasmic organelles (cf.
procaryotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

flagellum (pl. flagella)

A

): whip-like locomotor organelle for propulsion. Procaryotic and
eucaryotic flagella are different in structure and mechanism of action. Eucaryotic
flagella contain central microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

glyoxysome

A

: single membrane bound organelle containing enzymes of the glyoxylate
cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body)

A

: stacks of flattened membrane sacs and associated
vesicles concerned with the synthesis, packaging and targeting of proteins and
polysaccharides to other parts of the cell or for export from the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

granum (pl. grana)

A

: stack of appressed thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts

20
Q

)intermediate filament

A

: fibrous protein filaments about 10 nm in diameter forming part
of the cytoskeleton in eucaryotic cells

21
Q

lumen

A

: space inside a membrane system. A widely used term for the inside of the
endoplasmic reticulum and the thylakoid membrane

22
Q

lysosome

A

: a eucaryotic organelle with a single membrane containing hydrolytic
enzymes. The contents of the lumen are acidic

23
Q

membrane

A

: protein-containing lipid-bilayer structure acting as a permeability barrier
between different aqueous compartments

24
Q

microfilament

A

: cytoplasmic fibres made of actin, 5-9 nm in diameter, involved in
motility and cell structure, part of the cytoskeleton

25
Q

microsomes

A

: a vesicular membrane preparation of the endoplasmic reticulum
produced by homogenization and centrifugation

26
Q

microtubule

A

: tubular structures, 25 nm in diameter, made of tubulin, found in
eucaryotic cells and involved in motility and cell structure, part of the cytoskeleton

27
Q

mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)

A

: a eucaryotic organelle bounded by two

membranes involved in cellular energy production

28
Q

nuclear envelope

A

: a double-membrane structure enclosing the nucleus

29
Q

nuclear pore

A

: circular opening in the nuclear envelope formed by the fusion of the
inner and outer envelope membranes

30
Q

nucleolus

A

: granular structure in the nucleus, associated with specific chromosomes,
involved in ribosome synthesis and assembly

31
Q

nucleosome

A

: bead-like structure of DNA wrapped round an octamer of histones, the
repeating subunit of chromatin structure

32
Q

nucleus

A

: eucaryotic organelle containing the chromosomes, bounded by the nuclear
envelope

33
Q

organelle

A 
\: a discrete microscopically visible structure in a cell, specialised for a
particular function (eg nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast)
34
Q

periplasmic space

A

: the space between the inner and outer membranes of Gramnegative
bacteria

35
Q

peroxisome

A

: single membrane bound organelle involved in reactions producing or
consuming hydrogen peroxide

36
Q

pilus (pl. pili)

A

: hair-like structures on procaryotic organisms, involved in bacterial
recognition and conjugation

37
Q

plasma membrane

A

: the membrane bounding a cell, also called plasmalemma or cell
membrane

38
Q

plastid

A

: double membrane-bounded organelle in plant cells, including chloroplasts

39
Q

procaryotic

A

: pertaining to a cellular organism lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus,
eg mycoplasma, bacteria, (cf. eucaryotic)

40
Q

protist

A

: single celled eucaryotic organismprotist, including the groups also called
protozoa and unicellular algae

41
Q

ribosome

A

: RNA-protein structure, the site of protein synthesis in eucaryotic and
procaryotic cells. Also present in mitochondria and plastid

42
Q

spindle apparatus

A

: microtubular structure for the alignment and movement of

chromosomes during cell division in eucaryotic cells

43
Q

stroma

A

: the soluble phase of the chloroplast, bounded by the chloroplast envelope.
Site of the enzymes of CO2 fixation

44
Q

thylakoid

A

: closed membrane system of chloroplasts containing the photosynthetic
energy transduction system. Also found in cyanobacteria, photosynthetic procaryotes

45
Q

turgor pressure

A

: pressure developed by the osmotic swelling tendency of cells having
a higher concentration of osmotically active molecules internally than is in the external
medium

46
Q

vacuole

A

: membrane-bounded organelle often used as a storage compartment in
eucaryotic cells, particularly large in many plant cells

47
Q

vesicle

A

: a small membrane-bound structure filled with an aqueous solution.

Biology of Cells (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions