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History: Italy > The Liberal State c1911-18 > Flashcards

The Liberal State c1911-18 Flashcards

1
Q

When had Italy become a nation

A

1861

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2
Q

When had Italy become a nation

A

1861

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3
Q

When did Italy become fully unified

A

1870

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4
Q

Why did Italy have little meaning to Italians

A

They were used to identifying with their local towns or regions

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5
Q

What was the pride of your home town called

A

Companilismo

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6
Q

What was the status of language

A

99 percent of Italians spoke a regional dialect and couldn’t understand what people from other regions were saying

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7
Q

Who was the king at the time

A

Victor Emmanuel II

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8
Q

What did the king speak

A

A dialect from piedmont

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9
Q

What is Risorgimento?

A

The ‘rebirth’ or ‘resurgence’ of Italy being a great nation again.

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10
Q

Who said “We have made Italy, now we must make Italians”?

A

Massimo d’Azeglio

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11
Q

What happened in May 1898

A

Protests against Italy’s economic problems had been met by a brutal government crackdown and 100 protestors were killed in Milan.

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12
Q

Which king had been assassinated, when, why and by who?

A

Umberto I had been killed by an Italian anarchist on 29th July 1900 who wanted to avenge the protestor’s deaths from 1896

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13
Q

Who were the parliament made up of?

A

Predominantly northern, professional middle class.

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14
Q

What was bad about the selection of politicians in the parliament

A

They tended to represent interests of their own class rather than the wider population

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15
Q

Which pope was angered and why

A

Pope Pius IX was angered at the capture of Rome in 1870 and the loss of papal territory

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16
Q

What did the first pope do out of his anger

A

Refused to recognise the new Italian state

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17
Q

Who was the new pope, what he do and when?

A

In 1886, Leo XIII formally forbade catholics from running for office

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18
Q

What did the new pope’s actions do for Italy and unification?

A

It robbed Italy of a potentially unifying figure and questioned the legitimacy of this new country. This also left only 25 percent of men with the ability to vote

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19
Q

What else did this new religious restriction cause for politicians’ hopes?

A

They thought it may alienate the population. It also prevented creation of a national Conservative Party based on catholic values.

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20
Q

What were parties like in Italy?

A

There were very few, instead, prominent politicians formed government by offering key positions to other deputies.

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21
Q

What was the corrupt nature of Italy’s political system?

A

Deputies would agree to support a politician’s run for prime minister in return for key positions and withdraw support if they found a better deal somewhere else.

22
Q

What is political manoeuvring that uses any means for getting everyone on your side known as?

A

Trasformismo

23
Q

How many changes of prime minister were there and between when

A

29 changes between 1870 and 1922

24
Q

How much power did the people have?

A

They had barely any as governments weren’t decided based on what the public wanted.

25
Q

What is it called when a group of people can’t vote

A

They are disenfranchised

26
Q

Why could only Middle class northern Italians run for electoral participation?

A

Liberal politicians felt that the southern people were lacking in political education

27
Q

How did the government react to to protests against them

A

They would respond with violent repression with the military

28
Q

When did Italy experience considerable economic expansion?

A

1899 and 1914

29
Q

Where was industrialisation focused

A

The north

30
Q

What industries increased

A

Iron
Steel
Chemical
Mechanical
Electrical
Cars

31
Q

What was it like in the south?

A

They were still quite backwards and had none of the benefits the north did.

32
Q

How many strikes and how many people were involved in strikes from 1901 to 1911

A

1500 strikes
350000 workers

33
Q

What was the southern question

A

Meridionale

34
Q

What are some theories for why the south had become the way it it.

A

It’s geographical location
It’s history
It’s poor treatment from the north

35
Q

How long after unification did a prime minister visit the south?

A

32 years after

36
Q

Where was economic expansion centred?

A

Milan
Turin
Genoa
Bologna

37
Q

What did the 1911 census show

A

Half of Italy’s 2.2 million industrial workers were employed in Lombardy, Liguria and piedmont

38
Q

What did the peasant population in the south often suffer from

A

Poor diet
Malnutrition
Lach of clean drinking water
High rates of infant mortality
Malaria
Tuberculosis

39
Q

Between 1910 and 1911 how many people had died from what in the south?

A

25000 people died from cholera

40
Q

What were the literacy rates like in the south compared to piedmont

A

More than half of the southern population were illiterate, which was five times the rate of piedmont

41
Q

What happened to income per head by 1911?

A

Income per head in the northern industrial area was double that of the south.

42
Q

Why was Italy disadvantaged geographically

A

The French and British navies dominated the Mediterranean

43
Q

What is irredentism?

A

The belief that Italy should reclaim areas of istria and the South Tyrol as many of the population of these areas were ethnically and spoke the language

44
Q

Where in Africa had Italy focussed on colonising first and what came of it?

A

They wanted Tunisia however in 1881, with the diplomatic backing of Britain, France invaded Tunisian and claimed it instead

45
Q

What did Italy do in response to France taking Tunisia

A

Italy signed a defensive alliance with Austria and Germany (triple alliance)

46
Q

How did Italians feel about the triple alliance?

A

It angered them as Austria is the country’s traditional enemy and was seen as a barrier to the recovery of the irredentist lands

47
Q

What had Britain endorsed for Italy and what did this lead to?

A

In 1884, they endorsed Italy’s expansion into Abyssinia, however this failed at the battle of dogali.

48
Q

How many died at the battle of Dogali

A

500

49
Q

What came of Italy’s second attempt at a colony in Africa?

A

At the battle of Adwa on 1 March 1896, 5000 troops died were killed and thousands more injured.

50
Q

How did the people feel about the battle of Adwa?

A

The anger towards Italy’s political class was accentuated and this anger was channeled through mass protests and riots.

51
Q

Literacy Rates in Italy 1911 in the north

A

Piedmont- 11%
Lombardy- 13.4%
Venice- 25.2%
Liguria- 17%

52
Q

Literacy rates in Italy in 1911 in the south

A

Apulia- 59.4%
Basilicata- 65.3%
Calabria- 69.6%
Sicily- 58%

History: Italy (2 decks)

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