The Liberal government of 1868 to 1874 - Social Reforms

Question 1

When was the Secret Ballot Act passed, and what did it do?

Answer 1

1) 1872

2) It reduced the intimidation of voters at the polls and allowed them to vote freely without pressure

Question 2

What did the Forster Education Act in 1870 do?

Answer 2

1) The country was divided into school districts
2) Board school providing elementary education for ages 5 - 12 were to be built
3) School Boards were to be set up, elected by rate payers in each district, they had autonomy over attendance and fees
4) Attendance at religious lessons was voluntary

Question 3

What did the Army Enlistment Act of 1870 do?

Answer 3

1) Introduced a new rifle
2) Changed the compulsory 12 year service to 6 years active service and 6 years in the reserve
3) Britain was established into military districts

Question 4

Why was Gladstone both successful and unsuccessful when dealing with the trade unions?

Answer 4

1) The Trade Union Act introduced in 1871 established the legal right of the unions to hold property and funds and have them protected by law, they also had the right to strike
2) The Criminal Law amendment Act passed directly after made any form of picketing illegal, therefore trade unions were legalised but almost any action taken by them was illegal

Question 5

Explain the reforms in the Civil Service

Answer 5

The principle of entry into the Civil Service through competitive examination was established, this brought in individuals with intellect and ability and improved professionalism and efficiency at a minimal cost to the government.

Question 6

Why were Gladstone’s social reforms not as beneficial to the working class as Disraeli’s were?

Answer 6

Because they did not directly affect the position of the working class, for example reforms in the army would not directly change the position of a working class man.

Question 7

What did the Licensing Act of 1872 do?

Answer 7

Gave magistrates the power to issue licenses to publicans, to fix opening and closing hours and to prohibit the adulteration of beer.

Question 8

Why did Cardwell anger the upper class?

Answer 8

He introduced the abolition of the system of purchase of commissions in 1871, it was seen as attacking a fundamental belief of society - the birth by right to privilege.

Question 9

When was The Second Reform Act passed and what did it do?

Answer 9

1. 1867
2. Increased the number of voters from 1.2 million to 2.5 million. Greatest increase occurred in the boroughs where skilled workers had the vote for the first time.