The liberal Crisis - INTRO

Question 1

Who was the leader of the liberal party in 1906?

Answer 1

Henry Campbell Bannerman

Question 2

How many seats were won by the liberal party in the 1906 election?

Answer 2

400 seats

Question 3

What were the key policies of the Labour Party?

Answer 3

Workers rights + Protection
Social Reform
Trade Unionism

Question 4

Who was the labour party’s main electoral support?

Answer 4

Urban areas / cities
Trade Unionists
The Working Class

Question 5

What did the Labour Party struggle with?

Answer 5

Funding - prevented them competing in constituencies

Question 6

What were the key policies of the Liberal Party?

Answer 6

Free trade
Some for social reform
Tackle poverty
Libertarianism

Question 7

Who was the Liberal party’s main electoral support from?

Answer 7

Non-conformists
Liberal Gentry
Liberal Middle Class
New industrialists (people who had succeeded from the industrial revolution)

Question 8

What did the Liberal party achieve during their time in power?

Answer 8

Radical Social Legislation - the parliament bill, social reform acts, the peoples budget, irish home rule
Tackled the issue of Poverty under David Lloyd George
Bannerman United different Factions of the Liberal party (making the party strong)
They won in a landslide election in 1906

Question 9

What were the conservative party’s main policies?

Answer 9

Right Wing
Imperialism - The British Empire
Unionists - with Ireland
(some) Protectionists

Question 10

Who was the main electoral support for the conservative party?

Answer 10

Anglicans
Upperclass
Business Owners
Landowners
(some) Working Class

Question 11

What events (arguably) contributed to the defeat of the Conservative Party in the 1906 election?

Answer 11

Chinese Slavery Scandal
Party was divided over the issue of economic free trade policy (weak)
Revalation over the Boer war
Neglecting the issue of Poverty

Question 12

What was regarded as a Liberal party failure?

Answer 12

Didn’t push hard enough through World War One.

Question 13

What does jingoism mean?

Answer 13

Patriotism, through media specifically. This is what managed to keep the conservatives in power until 1906, as there was a strong spirit of patriotism in Britain as an effect of the prosperity of the empire.

Question 14

What was the economic policy of free trade and why was It a problem for the Conservative Party?

Answer 14

Free trade was regarded as a very successful policy amongst the working class in Britain, as it meant imports and exports were free. However, the ideology of Tarrif reform began to emerge, and Joseph Chamberlain, a Liberal unionist in the conservative Cabinet, questioned Arthur Balfour on the free trade economic policy. Balfour, a weak leader, was unable to aid this situation and the Conservative Party became divided, as some became protectionist(in favour of tariffs) and some remained in favour of free trade. This weakened the Conservative Party as it divided it internally.

Question 15

What is protectionism?

Answer 15

The economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods and import quotas

Question 16

What is a Tariff and what is an import quota?

Answer 16

import quota - An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country
Tariff - a kind of tax set on goods that are imported or exported

Question 17

Liberal acronym for government policy:
P
H
E
W

Answer 17

Public health
Housing
Education
Welfare

Question 18

acronym for societal issues under liberals:
U
C
O
W
W
S

Answer 18

Unemployment
Children
Old age
Working conditions
Women
Sickness

Question 19

What were the examples of Liberal public health policy:

Answer 19

-Medical inspections under the Education Act
-National Insurance (sickness) Act.

Question 20

What were the pros and cons of the liberal housing policy

Question 21

What were the pros and cons of the liberal Education policy

Question 22

What were the pros and cons of the liberal Welfare policy (1911 National insurance unemployment act)

Answer 22

1911 National insurance unemployment act
Pros: covered 2.25 million workers and provided 7 shillings a week benefit for up to 15 weeks. this guaranteed regular sum enabled families of the unemployed to avoid destitution whilst the breadwinner found another job.
Cons -
only applied to certain trades; the insured trades. these were trades known for cyclical unemployment, like building or shipbuilding. Most workers were not covered by the scheme and had to rely on trade unions or their own savings or private insurance. only became fully functional in 1912.

Question 23

What were the pros and cons of the liberal Public Health policy - medical inspections under the Education Act.

Answer 23

Large amounts of reports of children of poor backgrounds showing up to school hungry, dirty and ill. The Health and welfare of children was seen as a national disgrace, so to combat this, they set up school medical services and made check-ups compulsory. 3/4s of LEAs (local education authorities) provided medical inspections and 2/3s of children receives some form of free medical treatment through this.
PROS:
Allowed more children to receive necessary medical care that they otherwise wouldn’t of accessed, improving the welfare of Britain’s youth.
CONS:
Only a cursory check.
Treatment wasn’t guaranteed and not every child was able to receive treatment, as the council was not obligated to treat revealed conditions.
Poorer children were not always able to afford to treat serious conditions that were revealed, impacting many families.

Question 24

What were the pros and cons of the liberal Public Health policy - National insurance (sickness) act.

Answer 24

Pros - Covered 13 million workers. Paid out a weekly sickness benefit of 10 shillings a week for 13 weeks then 5 shillings a week for further 13 weeks. There was a maternity grant for women workers, a disability benefit and free medical treatment with an approved doctor. Free treatment of TB.
Cons -
only covered workers earning less than £160 pa, everyone else had to look after themselves. Only covered workers 16-60, and since OAPs only began at 70 there was a 10 year gap.
The act also only covered the contributor - usually the father - and not his family. Any hospital treatment has to be paid for (bar TB). Only became effective in 1913. Only 13 million of the 45 million population were included in the national insurance scheme.

Question 25

When was the lib lab pact?

Answer 25

1903

Question 26

What were the pros and cons of the liberal Welfare policy (workmen’s compensation act, 1906)

Answer 26

Pros - extended provisions for compensating workers for work based accidents and diseases resulting from their occupations.
Cons - Not always easy to prove that injuries were due to work. Only covered workers earning less than £250 pa.

Question 27

What were the pros and cons of the liberal Welfare policy (coal mines act 1908 and 1911)

Answer 27

Pros-
fixed length of the working day underground to eight hours. Improved safety regulations.
Cons - Still long hours, little pay. Didnt cover the time taken to get to work.
Mining remained a dangerous job.

Question 28

What policies did the liberals introduce to help combat Unemployment ?

Answer 28

national insurance unemployment act 1911
trade boards 1909
workmen’s compensation
old age pensions act 1908
trade disputes act 1906
labour exchanges 1909

Question 29

What policies did the liberals introduce to help Children?

Answer 29

education (provision of meals) act 1906
education(medical inspection)1907
children’s act 1908

Question 30

What policies did the liberals introduce to help
Old age?

Answer 30

old age pensions act 1908

Question 31

What policies did the liberals introduce to help combat Working conditions ?

Answer 31

workmen compensation act 1906
trade boards 1909
Coal mines acts, 1908 and 1911
Shops act
merchant shipping act

Question 32

What policies did the liberals introduce to help
Women?

Answer 32

national insurance(sickness) act 1911-maternity grant for women.
trade boards - 200,000 mostly women workers in sweated trades like tailoring and lacemaking
old age pensions act mostly qualified for by women, provided a weekly sum.

Question 33

What policies did the liberals introduce to help combat Sickness ?

Answer 33

national insurance sickness act 1911
free medical treatment from an approved doctor
education act (medical inspection) 1907