The Lesson Of Arabic Book Flashcards
What is a جبر ?
It is the attibute/ noun that belongs to the subject.
EG. Mahmood is knowledgeable
Knowledgeable = predicate
What does مبتدأ mean?
The subject of the sentence.
What does معرفة mean?
A definite noun
What does نقرة mean?
The Ka should be kaaf
A common noun
If a common noun is the subject of a sentence, what needs to happen?
Add ال to the start (make it definite)
And therefore change any final tanween to a single harakat.
What are the three steps to translating a simple, subject-led sentence into Arabic?
EG. The man is knowledgeable
- Take out the ‘is’
The man knowledgeable - Translate the words into Arabic
الرجل عالم - End both words with tanween dammah, unless the subject has ال, then end the subject with one dammah
How does the مبتدأ being feminine change the خبر?
The خبر must be made feminine, by adding ة
What does مضاف mean?
The object attributed to the person
EG. Becca’s pen
pen = مضاف
What does مضاف إليه mean?
The person/ thing the object (مضاف ) is attributed to.
EG. Becca’s pen
Becca = مضاف إليه
What are the five steps to translate a sentence of mudaff+ mudaff ilayhi?
EG. Ring of gold or khalid’s book
- Take out the ‘s or ‘of’
- Reverse the sequence so the object being possesed in first
- Replace English with the Arabic
- Give the مضاف a single dammah
- Give the مضاف ليه tanween zasrah
If the مضاف إليه is definite (starts أل) how does the harakat change?
The tanween kasrah is made a single kasrah.
How do you know if an adjective refers to the mudaaf or the mudaaf ilayhi?
The adjective will match the harakat and the definite/ indefinite nature of the word it refers to.
What is the فعل معروف?
The active voice (in the past tense)
What is صيغة?
Verb form
EG. Being singular/ plural/ fem./ masc. etc
Translate each
صيغة:
Number
singular
dual
plural
Gender
masculine
feminine
Person
First person
Second person
Third person
واحد
تثنية
جمع
مذقر
حاضر
غائب
مذقر
مؤنث
So the verb of dual feminine of second person is called تثنية مؤنث حاضر
The ka should be kaaf in any of these words
No gender for singular first person or plural first person
What is the difference between the active voice and passive voice in English?
Active voice doesn’t have were/was, the subject did and was not done upon: was active not passive.
He kicked the ball = active
The ball was kicked = passive
What is the فعل مجهول ?
The passive voice (in the past tense)
Recall the past tense verb forms in acive voice (الفعل الماضى المعروف) for the verb فعل (he did)
أنا فعل fa al to
نحن فعلن fa al na
أنت فعلت fa al ta (s.m.2nd)
أنتم فعلتم fa al tom (p.m.2nd)
أنت فعلت fa al te (s.f.2nd)
أنتن فعلتن fa al tonna (p.f.2nd)
أأنتما فعلتما fa al tomaa (d. m/f. 2nd)
هو فعل fa al la (s.m.3rd)
هما فعلا fa al laa (d.m.3rd)
هم فعلوا fa al laa (p.m.3rd)
هي فعلت fa al let (s.f.3rd)
هما فعلتا fa al la taa (d.f.3rd)
هن فعلن fa al naa (p.f.3rd)
How do you change a past, active voice to a past, passive voice?
Put a dammah on the first letter and a kasrah on the second letter, and conjugate to subject.
Recall all conjugations for did
(… was done) in passive, past voice.
فعلت I was done fo eel to
فعلنا We were done fo eel naa
فعلت You were done (s.m) fo eel taa
فعلتم You were done (p.m) fo eel toom
فعلت You were done (s.f) fo eel tee
فعلتن You were done (p.f) fo eel tonna
فعلتما You were done (dual) fo eel tomma
فعل He was done fo eel la
فعلا They were done (d.m) fo eel laa
فعلوا They were done (p.m) fo eel loo
فعلت She was done fo eel let
فعلتا They were done (d.f) fo eel la taa
فعلن They were done (p.f) fo eel na
He and she could mean ‘it’ when referring to a masculine or feminine object respectively
Define
فعل
فاعل
مفعول
Verb
Subject
Object
What is the usual rule relating to the subject in a simple sentence and the object?
The subject will get a dammah (or two if indefinite) while the object will end in fatha (or two if indefinite).
Sentences in English go Subject Verb Object.
Sentences in Latin go Subject Object Verb
Sentences in Arabic go…?
Verb Subject Object
Identify the , and in this sentence: فتح خادم بابا
The servant opened a door
فتح is the verb (فعل)
خادم is the subject (فاعل)
بابا is the object (مفعول)
Identify the verb, subject and object in this sentence:
فتح خادم محمود باب البيت
Mahmood’s servant opened the door of the house.
فتح is the verb
خادم محمود is the subject
باب البيت is the object
Mudaaf and mudaaf ilayhi can combine to form a subject or and object.
Define these prepositions:
في
من
على
عن
ب
إلى
ل
حتى
و
في is ‘in’
من is ‘from’
على is ‘on’
عن is ‘about/ from/ regarding’
ب is ‘with’
إلى is ‘to/ up to’
ل is ‘for/ belongs to’
حتى is ‘up to/ until’
و is ‘by’ (for an oath)
What is the harakat for a word coming after a preposition?
a kasrah on the final letter
Define these less frequent prepositions:
ت
منذ مذ
رب
خلا
حاشا
عدا
ت by (for oaths)
منذ مذ since (for a time period)
رب many a/ so many
خلا besides/ except
حاشا besides/ except
عدا besides/ except
What does ضمير منفصل mean?
Unattatched pronouns
Define the uses of these unattatched pronouns:
هو
هما
هم
هي
هن
أنت
أنتما
أنتم
أنت
أنتن
أن
نحن
هو he
هما they (d.m) or (d.f.)
هم they (p.m.)
هي she
هن they (p.f)
أنت you (s.m.)
أنتما you (d.m) or (d.f.)
أنتم you (p.m.)
أنت you (s.f.)
أنتن you (p.f.)
أن I
نحن we
هDefine the uses of these attatched pronouns:
ه
هما
هم
ها
ka
komaa
kom
ke
konaa
هن
ي ني
نا
his him ه
هما their them (d.m.) or (d.f.)
their them (p.m.) هم
hers, her ها
their them (p.f.) هن
ka yours (s.m)
komaa yours (d)
kom yours (m.p)
ke yours (f.s.)
konaa yours (p.f.)
ي ني my (m and f)
نا ours
What does فعل مضارع mean?
The present/future tense
Conjugate the verb فعل in the present/future tense in the active voice.
He is doing/ will doing يفعل
They (d) are doing/ will do يفعلان
They (p.m.) are doing/ will do يفعلون
She is doing/ will do تفعل
They (d) are doing/ will do تفعلان
They (p.f.) are doing/ will do يفعلن
You (s.m.) are doing/ will do فعل
You (d) are doing/ will do تفعلان
You (p.m.) are doing/ will do تفعلون
You (s.f.) are doing/ will do تفعلين
You (d) are doing/ will do تفعلان
You (p.f) are doing/ will do تفعلن
I am doing/ will do أفعل
We are doing/ will do فعل
He and she can also be it
Define فعل مضارع مجهول
The present/future tense in passive voice
Give the verb forms ofفعل in the فعل مضارع مجهول
He/it is being done or will be done يفعل
يفعلان They are being done/ will be done (D)
They are being done/ will be done (P.)يفعلون
She/it is being done/ will be done تفعل
They are being done/ will be done (D)تفعلان
يفعلن They are being done/ will be done (P.F)
You are being done/will be done (S.M) تفعل
You are being done/will be done (D.Mتفعلان
You are being done/will be done (P.M)تفعلون
You are being done/will be done (S.F) تفعلين
You are being done/will be done (D.F) تفعلان
You are being done/will be done (P.F) تفعلن
I am being done/will be done أفعل
We are being done/will be done نفعل
What is unique about the passive voice?
When a passive verb is used, the subject is not mentioned. Rather, the object takes the place of the subject and is called the subject of the passive verb (نائب فاعل)
or the substitute subject (قائم مقام فاعل) Since it takes the place of the subject, it also gets a dammah.
What are the four additional rules for صفة and موصوف
1) They both must have the same harakat
2) Both should be difinite or indefinite
3) Gender should be the same (put taa on end)
4) If the موصوف is a proper noun, it should not have ال but the صفة will have ال
What are the rules for translating an adjectival phrase like ‘pious man’.
1) Translate the individual words into Arabic
2) Reverse the order of the words so that the first word comes second and the second word comes first
3) Give both words one or two dammah(s)
رجل صالح
صفة
What does this mean?
Adjective
Ladies and gentlemen, what are the three noun states?
رفع: This is the state when a noun has one or two dammahs at the end. Such a noun is called مرفوع
نصب: This is the state when a noun has one or two fathah(s) at the end. Such a noun is called منصوب
جر: This is the state when a noun has one or two kasrak(s) at the end. Such a noun is called مجرور
What does الأمر و النهي mean?
الأمر Imperative (positive command)
النهي Prohibitive (negative command)
What is a verb containing a command to do something called?
An imperative أمر
What is نهي.
A verb which contains a command not to do something.
