The Learning Sciences Flashcards
Encoding
Initial processing of information, converting sensory input into a form that the brain can store and use
Retrieval
The process of accessing stored information when needed
Feedback
Provides information about performance, guiding future actions to refine learning strategies
Storage
Involves retaining encoded information over time
Retrieval Practice
Actively recalling information from memory - answering questions or completing a quiz.
Spacing
Spacing out study sessions over time rather than cramming all at once - promotes deeper understanding of the material
Feedback-driven metacognition
Using feedback from assessments and evaluations to reflect on and regulate one’s own learning strategies and understanding
Interleaving
Mixing different topics or skills within a single study session which promotes a deeper understanding and transfer of knowledge
Desirable difficulty
Introducing challenges or obstacles during learning to cultivate resilience
Executive Function
set of mental skills that help individuals plan, focus their attention, and remember instructions successfully
Ways Executive Function can Support Student Learning
- Planning
- Working Memory
- Self-regulation
- Organization
- Flexibility
Myth of Cramming
practice of studying intensively for a short period of time before an exam - leads to shallow understanding and bypasses the combining of information (Too much strain on the cerebrum results in impaired cognitive function)
Myth of Multitasking
ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time, hinders productivity and cognitive performance. Can lead to reduced attention span and impaired memory retention (Prioritize important tasks) - BRAIN CAPACITY
Cerebrum
Located at the from of the brain, plays a crucial role in executive functions such as attention, planning, and decision-making (heavily engaged when multitasking)
How does cramming effect the cerebrum?
It overwhelms it, impairing cognitive functions
Neuroscience of Cramming
overwhelms the brain, and activates the hippocampus responsible for attention and memory (located at the middle of brain, below the limbic system)
Distributed Practice
spreading study sessions out over a period of time, improving planning and organization as well
Hippocampus
Part of the lymbic system involved in memory, learning, and emotion
Myth of Normal
Challenges the traditional notion that there is a standard way of learning and cognitive functioning - brains are incredibly varied in strengths, weaknesses, and many other areas (Differentiated learning approaches)
Neuroscience of Variety
examines how differences in individuals’ backgrounds, experiences, opportunities, and perspectives impact brain function and cognitive processes - embracing variety promotes cognitive growth
Neuroplasticity
brain’s ability to reorganize and adapt in response to experience - key to understanding both neurological complexity and diversity - applied when offering feedback, teaching metacognitive strategies, etc
Neurodiversity
concept that neurological variations should be recognized and respected can significantly impact executive function and learning
Cognitive Style
consistent approach individuals taken to problem-solving, thinking, perception, and memory across various tasks (influences how they process information and interact w/ their environment)
Myth of Cognitive Rigidity
suggests that our cognitive abilities become rigid and fixed as we age, making it harder to learn new things - our brains remain quite flexible throughout our entire lives
