The learning approaches - Behaviourism Flashcards
Behaviourism focuses on;
Observable behaviour,
Using lab studies to increase scientific credibility,
and generalising?
animal studies to finding to humans
Pavlov was the pioneer for which behaviourist theory?
Classical conditioning
Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning was formulated following an accidental occurrence with who?
Pavlov’s dog
Eventually, Pavlov trained his dog to what? at the sound of a bell and other stimuli
Salavate
In Pavlov’s research what was the unconditioned stimuli?
Food
The response of salivating at the sight of food was known as what?
An unconditioned response
The bell was known as? ……. producing? ……..
Neutral stimulus producing no response
During conditioning the unconditioned stimulus was paired with the neutral stimulus, what were these?
the food with the bell
During conditioning when the food and the bell were paired, it produced an unconditioned response of?
Salivation
After conditioning the bell became a ……., producing a …….?
A conditioned stimuli production a conditioned response
In Watson and Rayner’s Study on Little Albert, Albert was conditioned to form a fear of?
A White Rat
Little Albert associated what? with a white rat
A loud noise (Steel rod hit by a hammer)
In the Little Albert study what was the unconditioned response?
Crying/Running away
Classical conditioning is learning through an association between?
A stimulus and its response
Operant conditioning is learning via consequences such as
punishments and rewards
A punishment is given in order to ?
Stop a behaviour from being repeated/learnt
A reward is given to ?
Reinforce a behaviour that is desired
When you are rewarded for a good behaviour this is?
postive reinforcement
when you have been given (applied) a punishment for a behaviour, this is known as?
positive punishment
Negative reinforcement is when?
You remove an unpleasant stimulus to reinforce a behaviour
Negative punishment is when?
you remove a pleasant outcome to stop the undesired behaviour
Skinners research on rats, was done to show which 2 consequences
Positive and negative reinforcement
What was the action needed to trigger the positive reinforcement of food in Skinners research?
Pressing the button/pulling the lever
what did Skinner do to test the effect of negative reinforcement
Electrocute the floor of the Skinner box
