The learning approach: SLT Flashcards
Imitation
copying the behaviour of others
identification
when an observer associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like the role model
Modelling
imitating the behaviour of a role model
vicarious reinforcement
Reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour
Mediational processes definition
cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response
What are the 4 mental or mediational processes in learning were identified by Bandura
- Attention - the extent to which we notice behaviour
- retention - how well the behaviour is remembered
- Motor reproduction- the ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
- Motivation - the will to perform the behaviour , which is often determined by whether the behaviour was rewarded or punished.
Bandura et al research procedure illustrating observational learning and imitation
Bandura et al. recorded the behaviour of young children who watched an adult behave in an aggressive way towards a Bobo doll. The adult hit the doll with a hammer and shouted abuse at it.
When the children were later observed playing with various toys, including a Bobo doll, they behaved much more aggressively towards the doll and other toys than those who had observed a non-aggressive adult.
Bandura and walters procedure showing vicarious reinforcement
showed videos to children where an adult behaved aggressively towards the Bobo doll. One group of children saw the adult praised for their behaviour . A second group saw the adult punished for their aggression towards the doll, by being told off. The third control group saw the aggression without any consequence. When given their own Bobo doll to play with, the first group showed much more aggression, followed by the third group than the second.
