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history- Conflict & Tension 1918-1939 (part 2) > The League of Nations > Flashcards

The League of Nations Flashcards

4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4A, 4.4B

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1
Q

what was the League of Nations?

A
  • a vision for bringing the world together in peace
  • a group of countries that would work together & solve problems, like a world parliament
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2
Q

why was the LoN formed?

A
  • to stop war from breaking out again
  • to encourage disarmament
  • to improve working conditions
  • to tackle deadly diseases
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3
Q

was the USA an important part of the LoN?

A
  • the Senate refused to agree to it
  • the American people had seen too many young Americans die in WWI- they wanted to devastate themselves from Europe
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4
Q

where was the League based?

A
  • Geneva, Switzerland
  • Switzerland was not involved in the war so it seemed peaceful
  • the Red Cross was also based there
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5
Q

who joined the League of Nations?

A
  • when it was founded- 42 members
  • rose to 58 by 1934
  • 4 permanent members of the council who made all the big decisions- Britain, France, Italy & Japan
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6
Q

what did Britain think of the League?

A
  • at Paris Peace Conference- he was critical of the idea
  • after he issued the Fontainebleau Memorandum he said he completely supported the League
  • gave Britain more colonies to add to their empire
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7
Q

what did Britain typically regard to the League as?

A

a place for countries to discuss ideas but without any real power

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8
Q

what did France think of the LoN?

A

France was just happy it might protect their country from another German invasion

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9
Q

what was a Fontainebleau Memorandum?

A
  • a document written by Lloyd George and his advisors during the Paris Peace Conference
  • it said that Britain wanted a peace but not one that would lead to more wars in the future
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10
Q

how did the League plan to keep peace?

A

the League would work together through collective security- if all countries worked together, they could make sure that peace was kept and the interests of every nation was looked after

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11
Q

what did the League set up in 1920?

A

the Permanent Court of International Justice

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12
Q

what was the Permanent Court of International Justice?

A

an international court that would establish international laws

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13
Q

why was the Permanent Court of International Justice set up?

A

if every country was following the same laws, there would be less chance of them disagreeing

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14
Q

what happened if the League could not prevent disputes?

A

1) mitigation- getting countries together to talk through problems
2) moral condemnation- a telling off
3) economic sanctions- members of the League would not trade with the warring countries

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15
Q

why did the League not have its own army?

A

because it was a peaceful organisation

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16
Q

what happened if an army was absolutely necessary?

A

the League would ask its members to lend it their armed forces

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17
Q

how did the League of Nations run?

A

like an international parliament

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18
Q

when did every member send representatives to the assembly?

A

once a year on the first Monday of September to discuss and vote on manners

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19
Q

what happened if the decision wasn’t unanimous?

A

the motion could not be passed and would have to be referred to the council

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20
Q

what was the assembly in charge of?

A
  • deciding when a new country could join
  • the election of judges to the Permanent Court of International Justice
  • voting for the non-permanent members of the Council
    -deciding how the League’s money was spent
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21
Q

where was the League’s first meeting held?

A

a Swiss hotel

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22
Q

why was Russia not allowed to join initially?

A

because its new Communist government was not recognised yet

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23
Q

when did Russia join the LoN?

A

1934

24
Q

how many members were in the Council?

A

4 permanent members- Britain, France, Italy and Japan

25
Q

how long did the 4 countries sit on the Council for?

A

a 3 year term

26
Q

the Council was later increased to how many members?

A

9 non- permanent members

27
Q

what did the Council have the power of?

A

veto- it could stop a ruling with its vote

28
Q

when a country had an issue what would it do?

A
  • would bring the issue to the court
  • 11 judges & 4 deputy judges would listen to both sides before reaching a verdict
  • the court could then advise the parties involved in the argument
  • however, this was just advice- the League had no army- it was difficult to make the countries agree unless they wanted to
29
Q

who was the Court elected by?

A

the Assembly and the Council

30
Q

the judges of the Court would fill the role for how many years?

A

11 years

31
Q

what was the Secretariat?

A
  • the civil service of the League
  • it was in charge of administration and organising any action that the League wanted to take
  • was a body of experts from different areas, such as finance, who were responsible for carrying out any decisions taken by the League, with the exception of military issues
32
Q

what were special commissions?

A
  • special groups put together to tackle issues that the League was worried about
33
Q

what were some groups formed by the League?

A
  • the International Labour Organisation (ILO)
  • the Disarmament Commission
  • the Health Organisation
  • the Slavery Commission
  • the Commission for Refugees
  • the Permanent Central Opium Board
34
Q

what were some strengths of the League?

A
  • had a vast membership
  • as there were so many members, economic sanctions and moral condemnation were daunting punishments for many countries
35
Q

what were the weaknesses of the League?

A
  • many important countries were not in the League- e.g. the USA- this undermined the League as a global organisation & meant that if a country faced economic sanctions, it could still trade with some of the
    richest and powerful countries
  • the League had no army- it could not force members to obey it
  • the structure was very complicated- confused people and slowed action
  • decisions had to be unanimous- decision-making was very slow
36
Q

what was the aims of the International Labour Organisation?

A

to bring workers, employees and governments together to improve the conditions that people worked in

37
Q

what were the successes of the ILO?

A
  • 1928- 77 countries agreed to set a minimum wage
  • in Africa, slave labour was used to build a railway- 50% of workers died- the League reduced it down to 4%
38
Q

what were the failures of the ILO?

A
  • 1919- tried to stop children under the age of 14 from working- not adopted by many members because they thought it would cost too much money
39
Q

what were the aims for the Commission for Refugees?

A

to return prisoners of war home and support refugees by improving camp conditions, finding new homes, or returning them to their own countries once the threat of conflict had passed

40
Q

what were the successes of the Commissions for Refugees?

A
  • 1921- the League helped free about 427,000 out of 500,000 prisoners of war still imprisoned from WWI and returned them to their homelands
  • created the Nansen Passport- a document that could be used as identification by refugees
41
Q

what were the Failures of the Commissions for Refugees?

A
  • 1933- the League tried to appoint a High Commissioner for refugees who were mainly Jewish, fleeing from Germany
  • Germany rejected the proposal- a unanimous vote was not reached and the motion was defeated
  • the commissioner was appointed but as an independent body separate from the League- meaning they had less power
42
Q

what were the successes of the Slavery Commission?

A
  • organised raids on the camps of slave traders in Sierra Leone- setting 200,000 people free
  • in 1921, Sierra Leone abolished slavery
43
Q

what were the successes of the Economic & Financial Committee?

A
  • Austria & Hungary were trying to rebuild their economies- the League sent financial experts so that the countries would not go bankrupt
44
Q

what was the aims of the Organisation for Communications and Transport?

A

regulated transport developed during the war in order to keep people safe

44
Q

what were the successes of the Organisation for Communications and Transport?

A
  • introduced shipping lanes- fewer collisions occurred
  • produced an international highway code- car drivers followed the same traffic rules wherever they travelled
44
Q

what were the failures of the Economic and Financial Committee?

A

when global depression hit in 1929- the commission was unable to cope

45
Q

what were the successes of the Health Committee?

A
  • international campaign to kill mosquitos
  • sent doctors to look after refugees in Turkey & helped improve living conditions in refugee camps in the 1920’s
  • renamed as World Health Organisation- still exists today
46
Q

what were the aims of the Permanent Central Opium Board?

A
  • to stop the cultivation and distribution of opium
  • after 1925, the Board became the Permanent Central Narcotics Board and tackled other drugs as well
47
Q

what were the successes of the Permanent Central Opium Board?

A
  • introduced a system- countries had to have a certificate that stated they were allowed to import opium for medicinal purposes
  • blacklisted 4 large companies that were involved in trading illegal drugs
48
Q

what were the failures of the Permanent Central Opium Board?

A

some historians claim that key members of the League were not really dedicated to stopping the sale of opium as they made large amounts of money from it

49
Q

what happened in 1920 in Vilna?

A
  • Poland & Lithuania were created
  • Vilna was the capital of Lithuania but the majority of people living there wanted to be Polish
  • a Polish army took control of the city- Lithuania asked for help
  • the League told Poland to remove its army but it was refused
  • France saw Poland as a potential ally against Germany so they did not help
  • Britain would not send troops without the help of the other countries
  • the League did nothing- Poland took Vilna
50
Q

what happened from 1921-1925 in Upper Silesia?

A
  • on the border of Germany & Poland
  • both countries wanted to claim the area
  • the League split Upper Silesia into regions according to how people had voted
  • Germany- rural areas Poland- industrial areas
50
Q

what happened in 1921 in the Aland Islands?

A
  • Sweden & Finland claimed the Aland islands
  • the League decided the islands should go to Finland
  • Finland was not allowed to build forts on the islands- could not be used as a base to attack Sweden
51
Q

what happened in 1923 in Corfu?

A
  • the boundaries of Greece & Albania still had to be agreed on- Tellini took the job but him and his team were killed
  • Mussolini blamed the Greek government- demanded the murderers should be killed & the government should pay compensation
  • 31st August Mussolini invaded Corfu- killing 15 people
  • the League believed Greece should pay the compensation
  • Greece was then forced to apologise and pay the compensation directly to Italy due to Mussolini complaining to the Conference of Ambassadors
52
Q

what happened in 1925 in Bulgaria?

A
  • Greek soldiers killed on the Bulgarian border- Greece invaded
  • Bulgaria asked the League for help
  • League condemned Greece & told them to withdraw troops
  • Greece thought the League was being hypocritical- (Corfu 1923)
  • Greece was a small country & unwilling to risk relations with powerful members of the League so they obeyed
53
Q

what happened in 1929: Wall Street Crash?

A
  • 1929- American economy crashed
  • America traded with countries across the world & had lent a lot of money during & after the war- global economies were also affected
  • the League was powerless to do anything to help people or to control these new party leaders who were willing to resort to violence to get their own way

history- Conflict & Tension 1918-1939 (part 2) (3 decks)

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