The Language Of Medicine Flashcards
What is Eponyms?
Terms that are named for the person who discovered the illness or procedure.
What is acronym?
An abbreviation formed from the initial letter or letters of a word or phrase.
Root
The core foundation of the words meaning.
What is Suffix?
A unit of meaning attached to the end of the word.
What provides the overall meaning of the medical term. It can sometimes “live” by itself as a separate word.
Root word
What turns the word into a diagnosis or medical procedure?
Suffix
First cell function
Excretion
Second cell function
Hormone secretion
Third Cell Function
Energy reproduction
Fourth cell function
Reproduction
Muscle cells ________ and nerve cells _______ electrical impulses
Contract, Transmit
First main cell part
The cytoplasm
Second main cell part
Plasma membrane
Third main cell part
The nucleus
Outer boundary of the cell and is made up of proteins and lipids
Plasma Membrane
Lets substances in and out and keeps the cell intact
Plasma Membrane
Command and control center of the cell
Nucleus
First thing the nucleus contains
Nucleoplasm
Second thing a nucleus contains
A nucleus
Third thing a nucleus contains
ribosomes
A double layered substance that has openings in it to let materials pass between it and the cytoplasm.
Nuclear Membrane
It fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
What does the cytoplasm contain?
Organelles & Endoplasmic Reticulum
Are specialized parts of cells that have important jobs in the function of the cell
Organelles
Connects the parts of the cell and functions in transportation and storage
Endoplasmic reticulum
What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Rough and Smooth
Metastasis
cancers that have the tendency to send forth cells into distant sites of the body
Body of cells organized to perform a certain function
tissue
What substances make up the extra cellular matrix?
No living substances produced by the cells
A complex network of proteins, fluid, and various molecules that support the cells
Extracellular Matrix
First type of tissue
Epithelial tissue
Second type of tissue
Connective tissue
Third type of tissue
Muscle tissue
Fourth type of tissue
Nerve tissue
Covers the inner and outer surfaces of the body
Epithelial tissue
Connects or supports other body structures
Connective tissue
Relaxes and contracts to allow body parts to move and certain organs to function
Muscle tissue
Extends through the body to carry messages to and from the brain
Nerve tissue
Covers organs, lines body cavities, and from portions of some ducts and glands
Epithelial tissue
This tissue functions to protect the body and to absorb, secrete, and excrete substance
Epithelial tissue
Form the outer layer skin
Squamous epithelial tissue
The lining of the digestive tract, including the stomach and intestines
Columnar epithelial cells
Line ducts, glands, and parts of the respiratory tract.
Columnar epithelial cells
Form a kind of epithelial tissue that secretes its products directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine gland cells
Connects or supports other body structures
Connective tissue
Connective tissue that forms a membrane that surrounds muscle or organs to separate and support them
Fascia
Rubbery and smooth material that lines the surface of joints
Cartilage
A form of connective tissue that can also provide energy in the form of lipid molecules
Adipose tissue
Transports nutrients and waste to and from cells
Blood
Interstitial fluid that has been filtered by lymph vessels
Lymph
Three types of muscle tissue
- Voluntary
- Involuntary
- Cardiac
Tissue that makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Nerve tissue
The fundamental unit of nervous tissue
Nerve cell (neuron)
Specially designed to conduct signals from one end of the cell to another
Neurons
Only appears after normal tissue is damaged
Fibrous material
Are responsible for the overall process of wound healing
Cells and components
Formed when two thin layers of muscle and nerve tissue join together.
Membrane
Two major classifications of membranes
Epithelial and connective membranes
Epithelial membrane can be further divided into two type. What are they?
Mucous and serous
Mucous membranes include those in the….
Digestive tract, the respiratory passages, and the genitourinary tract.
First type of serous membrane
Pleural membrane
Second type of serous membrane
Pericardial membrane
Third type of the serous membrane
Peritoneal membrane
Line the pleural cavity
Pleural membrane
Line the inside of the rib cage
Parietal pleural membrane
Covers the outside of the lungs
Visceral pleural membrane
Produce pleural fluid to lubricate the expansion and contraction of the lungs
Plural membrane
Lines the peritoneal or abdominal cavity
Peritoneal membrane
Cover the outer surfaces of the stomac and intestines
Visceral peritoneal membrane and peritoneal cavity
Encases the heart
Pericardial membrane
Produce a small amount of pericardial fluid to allow the heart to beat freely with minimal friction
Pericardial membrane
What are the two types of connective membranes
Sinovial membrane and meninges
Line the cavities of joints that move freely
Synovial membranes
Allows the cartilage on the ends of the bones to move smoothly
Synovial fluid
The coverings on the brain and spinal cord in dorsal cavity nd they provide protection of these structures
Meninges/meninx
Uses building blocks to construct muscle tissue, deposit fat underneath your skin and store carbohydrate energy
Anabolism
In which a complex substance is broken down into its smaller components
Catabolism
The sum of the chemical reaction of anabolism and catabolism
Metabolism
Found in starches and sugars. Are the main source of energy
Carbohydrates
All carbohydrates are eventually broken down into or converted into ________
Glucose
This molecules serve as a ready source of energy for immediate use
Glucose
Glucose can be stored as ______
Glycogen
Glycogen are stored in
The muscles and liver
Your body releases glucose from the glycogen stores during…
Exercise or short-term starvation
Known for their capability to store energy
Lipids
Provide protection and communication between cells
Lipids
Assist with energy storage of lipids
Fats and oils
Fat stores that are designed for long-term starvation
Lipids
Are lipids that work as a protection level
Waxes
They help cells by preventing water loss within the body
Waxes
Are lipids that sister with the communication process between cells
Steroids
Are composed of cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen
Steroids
Makes up muscles and other tissues and is found in very part of our cells
Protein
All the enzymes that drive our metabolism are
Proteins
Antibodies of the immune system
Proteins
Used for energy only in times of extreme stress or starvation
Protein
Dietary protein are broken down into _______
Amino acids
There are ______ essential amino acids that must be acquired from the diet
9
Food is labeled as _______ if it contains all nine essential amino acids.
Complete protein
Are chemical compounds present in very small amounts in food
Mineral and trace elements
They serve a variety or purposes in daily metabolism
Minerals and trace elements
________ are organic compounds that function as _______ assisting enzymes in catalyzing chemical reaction
Vitamins & coenzymes
Is measure of energy contained in food
Calorie
Carbohydrates and protein contain_____ kilocalories per gram
4
fat contains ______ kilocalories per gram
9
