The Labor Market

Question 0

What changes have occurred in the US during transition as a result of globalization of capitalism

Answer 0

Types of workers have changed

Nature of work (telework, Internet-based work)

Type of work changed (teaching, medical)

Fewer children more women

Question 1

Define globalization

Answer 1

Sharing/disseminating culture across the world

Question 2

Define alienation

Answer 2

Separation of workers from each other and from the products they create i.e. assembly-line workers

Question 3

What are some of the effects of alienation

Answer 3

Decreased productivity

Lowered self-esteem

Question 4

Work among the poor tend to be jobs that have these characteristics

Answer 4

Alienation

Exposure to hazardous chemicals

No job security

Weather dependent work

Question 5

Define “doing gender”

Answer 5

Doing what society expects of males and females

Question 6

Difference between sex and gender and examples

Answer 6

Sex -biological-anatomical differences between male and female

Gender how one defines self-culturally appropriate-masculine versus feminine

Example:
Pregnant woman asks an ultrasound tech what is the “sex of my baby”? when she’s told the sex of the baby she then imagines the babies life with gender roles attached to it

Question 7

Give examples of “doing gender”

Answer 7

Grilling in society is considered man’s cooking versus cooking in the kitchen is considered women’s cooking

Question 8

What is meant by second shift?

Answer 8

Women working full-time jobs and then going home to care for home–cook,clean ,children —considered second shift

Question 9

Define gender stratification

Answer 9

Division of men and women with unequal access to property power and prestige

Question 10

How can one determine if a society is patriarchal or matriarchal?

Answer 10

Look at the social institutions and ask if they are dominated by men or women

These social institutions include;

Family

Education

Workplace

Media

Religion

Government

Question 11

What percentage of populations are patriarchal?

Answer 11

90 to 95%

Question 12

In terms of gender stratification

United States still prefer boys except in which populations?

Answer 12

Highly educated women and women in their late 20s

They prefer to have girls to pass on feminist ideology two daughters

Question 13

What is gender tracking

Answer 13

College majors or degrees that tend to follow a particular sex

which has been shown to be socially driven

Examples include:

nursing-more women in college

Engineering-more males in college

Question 14

In general what type of fields pay more?

Answer 14

Technical fields generally pay more than creative fields

Social sciences are also considered creative

Question 15

Why do technical fields pay more?

Answer 15

Because men create the labor structure= pay inequality

Question 16

What is meant by the gender pay gap?

Answer 16

Same degree same experience different pay

2010 data states women paid $.80 to $1 for men for the same job

Question 17

Explain glass escalator?

Answer 17

The fast tracking of men in predominately pink-collar jobs

Societal and individual level implications

Men (less qualified) getting promoted and women who are better qualified being passed up = frustration of women demoralizing and decreased work ethic

Question 18

Explain the daddy penalty

Answer 18

Men with working wives pay a penalty

Example:
If two men equally qualified fine for a job one with children and a wife that stays home more likely to get the job then one who has children and a wife who works outside of the home.

Question 19

What are the consequences of daddy penalty?

Answer 19

Limited opportunities for women (against femininist movement)

Question 20

out of the 1 billion illiterate adults how many are women?

Answer 20

2/3 are women

Question 21

We were shown a graph of women who make more than men what were some of the significant points mentioned about that graph?

Answer 21

single childless women on average earn more than single childless men in major US cities

Women who make more tend to do so early in their careers but later in their careers make less money than men

Men feel more emasculated by women earning more in the relationship

Question 22

how many women make up the world’s legislative bodies in politics?

Answer 22

18%

Question 23

in how many nations do women make less than men (wages)

Answer 23

in EVERY nation

Question 24

why is harm (violence) against women common place around the world?

Answer 24

women are viewed with secondary status (being less than men)

Question 25

give examples of some harm (violence) women face internationally?

Answer 25

“honor” killings, domestic violence, stoning of women for adultery, female circumcision