The Knee pathologies

Question 1

What is MOI for MCL injury?

Answer 1

Contact: direct valgus to knee
Noncontact: observed with decelerating, cutting and pivoting motions

Question 2

What is the body chart/symptoms for MCL?

Answer 2

Pain on medial side 
instability on stepping and twisting
swelling/bruising 
A tearing sound/sensation 
A Valgus force movement

Question 3

What is MOI for LCL injury?

Answer 3

Usually as a result of a varus force across knee
Direct blow on medial knee joint line
Indirect injury mechanism e.g. hyperextension stress causing a varus force

Question 4

What is the body chart/symptoms for LCL?

Answer 4

Pain on lateral side 
instability on stepping and twisting 
swelling/bruising 
A tearing sound/sensation 
A Varus force movement

Question 5

Management of MCL/LCL?

Answer 5

ACUTE= POLICE
Offloading of the knee as required with crutches

Quadriceps activation exercises- straightening leg on plinth down on towel

SUB-ACUTE:
Close chain strength work- all muscles
Full AROM of knee

LONG-TERM-
Proprioception work- foam block
Whole kinetic chain exercises
Aerobic conditioning

Question 6

MOI and Age for Meniscus injuries?

Answer 6

Young adults
Medial meniscus- more common as its less mobile
Trauma- sudden rotation in weight bearing position

Degenerative- Repeated kneeling/squatting (e.g. labourers)

Question 7

Body chart/ symptoms for Meniscus injuries?

Answer 7

Pain is commonly intermittent
Localised to joint line

Mechanical complaints; locking/pinching, clicking and sensation of giving way

Question 8

MOI for ACL injury?

Answer 8

Non-contact: sudden deceleration prior to change of direction/landing motion

Contact: result of valgus collapse of the knee

Question 9

Symptoms of ACL injury?

Answer 9

Popping sound, increase laxity, swelling/effusion. limitations in movements/instability

Question 10

MOI for PCL injury?

Answer 10

Following anterior blow to tibia with knee in flexion

Question 11

Symptoms of PCL injury?

Answer 11

Sharp/dull pain around the back of the knee
Swelling/ effusion
Stiffness

Question 12

Articular cartilage/Osteoarthritis MOI?

Answer 12

Traumatic/Overuse

Possible excessive, rotational force for acute injury

Question 13

Symptoms of Articular cartilage?

Answer 13

Swelling
Vague pain
Locking/catching- lose body
Stiffness and reduced ROM

Question 14

Possible causes of Patella femoral pain syndrome?

Answer 14

Patella has different orientation- may glide more to one side of femur, causing overuse/overpressure
Muscle weakness of quadriceps and glutes- muscle imbalance effecting tracking of patella

Question 15

Symptoms of Patella femoral pain syndrome?

Answer 15

Pain localised in patellofemoral joint

Anterior knee pain

Question 16

Aggravating factors for Patella femoral pain syndrome?

Answer 16

squatting, kneeling prolonged sitting, running, stair- activities which increase compressive force of patellofemoral

Question 17

Age/MOI for Patellar tendinopathy?

Answer 17

Young athletes- repetitive loading of the patella tendon

Overuse

Question 18

Symptoms of Patellar tendinopathy?

Answer 18

Anterior knee pain- localised to inferior pole of patella

Question 19

Aggravating factors of Patellar tendinopathy?

Answer 19

Aggravated by loading and knee extension

pain rarely experienced in the resting state