the knee joint

Question 1

Type of joint

Answer 1

Bi-condylar, synovial modified hinge joint, biaxial

Question 2

Position

Answer 2

3 articlations:
two tibiofemeral joints- 2 condyles between the femaral and tibial condyles with the menisci
patelllafemoral joints-saddle joint between the patella and the femur

Question 3

femaral articular surface

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage covered medial and lateral condyles of the femur which are convex A-P and Med-Lat
lateral condyle is shorter and wider than the medial.
medial condyle projects more inferiolly.

Central articlulates patella trochlear surface with a larger lateral buttress wall aspect than the medial condyle

Question 4

Tibia articular surface

Answer 4

Medial and lateral condyles on the superior aspect of the tibia/tibial plateau covered in hyaline cartilage, concave centrally and flatter in the periphery for attachment of menisci deepening the articular surface.
Condyles separated by intercondylar eminences.

medial condyle is larger and more oval coincidecing with medial femural condyle

Question 5

patella articular surface

Answer 5

articular surface is oval and divided into 3 facets the lateral medial and odd corresponding to articular surface of the femur

lateral is largest
off facet only contacts femur in full flexion

Question 6

Capsule

Answer 6

attachment to the femur is deficient anteriorally blends with the quadriceps muscles tendons.

thickened posterior prevents hyper-extension
medially attaches to tibia collateral ligament
lateral separate to fibula collateral ligament

Question 7

synovial membrance

Answer 7

lines the joint deficent posterially

numerous folds of synovial membrane that are reflected.

Question 8

anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 8

from the lateral condyle of femur anterior intercondylar area of tibia

passes inferiorly, anteriolly and medially

Question 9

posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 9

from the medial condyle of the femur to the posterior part of intercondylar area of tibia

passes inferiorly, anteriolly and laterally

passing the ACL

PCL is shorter, less oplique and stronger than ACL

Question 10

Function of Cruciate ligament

Answer 10

stabilising the knee, keeps femur and tibia together during flexion and extension preventing excessive anteroposterior movement.

ACL prevents anterior displacement of the tibia
PCL prevents posterior displacement of the tibia

ACL is taut in full extension, in midflexion when the tibia is medially rotated and in full flexion of the knee.

Question 11

the menisci

Answer 11

semi-lunar f fibrocartilage between femoral and tibial condyles.

thin concave centrally and thick convex peripheral border

enhances tibio-femoral joint stability by deeping tibial articular surface

acts as a shock absorber

Question 12

medial meniscus

Answer 12

c shaped
medial narrower
medial less mobile and therefore more easily damages
larger
anterior horn attaches to the intercondylar area and the posterior horn PCL and the posterior lateral meniscus

Question 13

lateral meniscus

Answer 13

o shaped
anterior horn attaches to anterior intercondyle eminence
posterior horn attaches posterior to the intercondylar eminance anterior to the posterior horn of the medial meniscus

Question 14

tibial/medial collateral ligament

Answer 14

medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia and medial aspect of shaft of tibia

8-9cms long
inferiorally and anteriorally
superficial fibers to below tibia tuberosity
deep fibers to medial meniscus
blends with capsule

Question 15

fibial/ lateral collateral ligament

Answer 15

lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
5cms long
isolated to the capsule

Question 16

function

Answer 16

when extended tighter

stabilize by holding condyles together preventing medial lateral displacement

Question 17

patella tendon

Answer 17

continuation of the quadriceps tendon from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.
protected by the superficial infra-patella bursa and the deep infra-patella bursa

Question 18

Bursas of the knee

Answer 18

suprapatella
prepatella
superficial infra-patella bursa
deep infra-patella bursa
popliteal bursa
semimembranous bursa

Question 19

oblique popletial ligament

Answer 19

strengthen the posterior capsule
expansion of semi membranous tendon
posterior aspect of femur to tibial condyle to the medial condyle of the tibia
forms the floor of the poplitiel fossa

Question 20

arcuate popletial ligament

Answer 20

strengthen the lateral part capsule

y shaped joins from oblique popliteal ligament and posterior lateral femoral condyle to posterior head of the fibula