The Knee

Question 1

Largest sesamoid bone in the body

Answer 1

Patella

Question 2

Anterior surface of patella is separated from skin by the

Answer 2

Prepatellar bursa (highly susceptible to inflammation)

Question 3

Anterior surface of patella is perforated for

Answer 3

Passage of nutrient vessels

Question 4

Articular surfaces of posterior patella are divided by

Answer 4

Vertical ridge corresponding to patellar surface of femur

Question 5

Describe the articular surfaces of the posterior patella

Answer 5

Lateral is broader, deeper and oval shaped
Lateral is divided into three horizontal lines

Medial is smaller and round
Medial is divided into three intermediate portions and the most medial border is separated (medial odd facet)

Question 6

What covers the most inferior surface of the patella

Answer 6

Infrapatellar fat pad

Question 7

What position provides maximum contact of the patella on the femur

Answer 7

45 degrees of flexion at knee

Question 8

When does the odd facet of the patella contact the femur?

Answer 8

Only in maximal knee flexion

Question 9

Functions of the patella (2)

Answer 9

Protection of deep structures

Changing angle of pull increases strength

Question 10

Functions of lateral and medial retinaculum of the knee

Answer 10

Attaches patella to proximal tibia

Question 11

The knee is a ____________ joint

Answer 11

Modified hinge

Question 12

Name the articular surfaces of the knee (4)

Answer 12

Femoral condyles
Tibial condyles
Posterior patella
Menisci

Question 13

Features of proximal surface of the knee (3)

Answer 13

Femoral condyles
Patella
Patellar surface of the femur

Question 14

Features of distal surface of knee (3)

Answer 14

Medial tibial condyle
Lateral tibial condyle
Intercondylar eminence

Question 15

Describe the medial condyle of the tibia

Answer 15

Concave

Long oval shape

Question 16

Describe lateral tibial condyle

Answer 16

Smaller than the medial and circular

Concave

Question 17

Functions of the menisci of the knee

Answer 17

Rotation and flexion/extension to happen simultaneously

Absorbs compression forces

Question 18

Shapes of menisci

Answer 18

Lateral circular

Medial oval

Question 19

Function of transverse ligament of the knee

Answer 19

Attaches anterior horns of menisci

Question 20

Anterior attachments of joint capsule of the knee (3)

Answer 20

Anterior surface of condyles of the femur
Anterior surface of condyles of the tibia
Blends with lateral and medial retinacula

Question 21

Medial attachments of joint capsule of the knee (3)

Answer 21

Proximal to medial femoral condyle
Distal to medial margin of tibial plateau
Blends with deep posterior fibres of the MCL

Question 22

Lateral attachments of joint capsule (3)

Answer 22

Proximal to lateral femoral condyle
Distal to lateral margin of tibial plateau
Head of fibula

Question 23

Posterior attachments of the joint capsule of the knee (3)

Answer 23

Proximal to femoral condyles
Distal to posterior margin of tibial condyle
Thickened by oblique popliteal ligament

Question 24

Structures that support the joint capsule (14)

Answer 24

Patellar tendon
Lateral retinaculum
LCL
ITB
Oblique popliteal ligament
Gastrocs
Hamstrings
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Popliteus
MCL 
Medial retinaculum
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus

Question 25

Function of genuarticularis muscle

Answer 25

Pulls suprapatellar bursa up

Question 26

Describe synovial membrane of knee

Answer 26

Lines joint capsule | Reflects around crucial ligaments

Question 27

Name all ligaments of the knee joint (10)

Answer 27

``` Patellar ligament Oblique popliteal Arcuate popliteal Medial collateral Lateral collateral Anterior cruciate Posterior cruciate Posterior meniscofemoral Transverse Coronary ```

Question 28

Attachments of the patellar ligament (3)

Answer 28

Superior to the apex of the patella Roughened surface of posterior patella Tibial tuberosity

Question 29

Attachments of the oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 29

Popliteal surface | Semimembranosus tendon at insertion

Question 30

Attachments of arcuate popliteal ligament

Answer 30

Head of fibula Posterolateral aspect of joint capsule Middle of oblique popliteal ligament

Question 31

Attachments of medial collateral ligament (5)

Answer 31

``` Medial condyle of tibia above groove for semimembranosus Joint capsule Medial meniscus Medial surface of tibia Lateral epicondyle of femur ```

Question 32

Attachments of lateral collateral ligament

Answer 32

Lateral epicondyle superior to groove for tendon of popliteus Apex of fibula

Question 33

Attachments of anterior cruciate ligament (3)

Answer 33

Anterior surface of tibia in intercondylar area Between anterior horns of menisci Lateral condyle of the femur

Question 34

Functions of the ACL

Answer 34

Limits medial rotation of the knee | Prevents hypertension

Question 35

Attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament (3)

Answer 35

Posterior tibia in the intercondylar area Medial side of ACL Anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle

Question 36

Functions of the posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 36

Prevents anterior translation of femur on tibia | Prevents posterior translation of tibia on femur

Question 37

Bursae of the knee (8)

Answer 37

``` Suprapatellar Popliteal Anserine Medial subtendinous bursa of gastroc Semimembranosus Subcutaneous prepatellar Superficial infrapatellar Deep infrapatellar ```

Question 38

Function of the suprapatellar bursa

Answer 38

Separates tendon of quadriceps from femur

Question 39

Function of popliteal bursa

Answer 39

Separates popliteus from lateral tibial condyle

Question 40

Function of anserine bursa

Answer 40

Separates pes anserine group from tibia and tibial collateral ligament

Question 41

Functions of medial sub tendonis bursa of gastroc

Answer 41

Separates medial head of gastroc from tibia

Question 42

Functions of semimembranosus bursa

Answer 42

Separates distal attachment of semimembranosus from tibia

Question 43

Function of subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

Answer 43

Allows free movement of skin over patella

Question 44

Function of superficial infrapatellar bursa

Answer 44

Located in between skin and tibial tuberosity, protects knee in kneeling

Question 45

Function of deep infrapatellar bursa

Answer 45

Allows motion of patellar ligament over anterior surface of tibia