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Anatomy > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

Patella

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2
Q

Anterior surface of patella is separated from skin by the

A

Prepatellar bursa (highly susceptible to inflammation)

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3
Q

Anterior surface of patella is perforated for

A

Passage of nutrient vessels

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4
Q

Articular surfaces of posterior patella are divided by

A

Vertical ridge corresponding to patellar surface of femur

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5
Q

Describe the articular surfaces of the posterior patella

A

Lateral is broader, deeper and oval shaped
Lateral is divided into three horizontal lines

Medial is smaller and round
Medial is divided into three intermediate portions and the most medial border is separated (medial odd facet)

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6
Q

What covers the most inferior surface of the patella

A

Infrapatellar fat pad

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7
Q

What position provides maximum contact of the patella on the femur

A

45 degrees of flexion at knee

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8
Q

When does the odd facet of the patella contact the femur?

A

Only in maximal knee flexion

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9
Q

Functions of the patella (2)

A

Protection of deep structures

Changing angle of pull increases strength

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10
Q

Functions of lateral and medial retinaculum of the knee

A

Attaches patella to proximal tibia

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11
Q

The knee is a ____________ joint

A

Modified hinge

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12
Q

Name the articular surfaces of the knee (4)

A

Femoral condyles
Tibial condyles
Posterior patella
Menisci

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13
Q

Features of proximal surface of the knee (3)

A

Femoral condyles
Patella
Patellar surface of the femur

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14
Q

Features of distal surface of knee (3)

A

Medial tibial condyle
Lateral tibial condyle
Intercondylar eminence

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15
Q

Describe the medial condyle of the tibia

A

Concave

Long oval shape

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16
Q

Describe lateral tibial condyle

A

Smaller than the medial and circular

Concave

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17
Q

Functions of the menisci of the knee

A

Rotation and flexion/extension to happen simultaneously

Absorbs compression forces

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18
Q

Shapes of menisci

A

Lateral circular

Medial oval

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19
Q

Function of transverse ligament of the knee

A

Attaches anterior horns of menisci

20
Q

Anterior attachments of joint capsule of the knee (3)

A

Anterior surface of condyles of the femur
Anterior surface of condyles of the tibia
Blends with lateral and medial retinacula

21
Q

Medial attachments of joint capsule of the knee (3)

A

Proximal to medial femoral condyle
Distal to medial margin of tibial plateau
Blends with deep posterior fibres of the MCL

22
Q

Lateral attachments of joint capsule (3)

A

Proximal to lateral femoral condyle
Distal to lateral margin of tibial plateau
Head of fibula

23
Q

Posterior attachments of the joint capsule of the knee (3)

A

Proximal to femoral condyles
Distal to posterior margin of tibial condyle
Thickened by oblique popliteal ligament

24
Q

Structures that support the joint capsule (14)

A 
Patellar tendon
Lateral retinaculum
LCL
ITB
Oblique popliteal ligament
Gastrocs
Hamstrings
Arcuate popliteal ligament
Popliteus
MCL 
Medial retinaculum
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
25
Q

Function of genuarticularis muscle

A

Pulls suprapatellar bursa up

26
Q

Describe synovial membrane of knee

A

Lines joint capsule

Reflects around crucial ligaments

27
Q

Name all ligaments of the knee joint (10)

A 
Patellar ligament
Oblique popliteal
Arcuate popliteal
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Posterior meniscofemoral
Transverse 
Coronary
28
Q

Attachments of the patellar ligament (3)

A

Superior to the apex of the patella
Roughened surface of posterior patella
Tibial tuberosity

29
Q

Attachments of the oblique popliteal ligament

A

Popliteal surface

Semimembranosus tendon at insertion

30
Q

Attachments of arcuate popliteal ligament

A

Head of fibula
Posterolateral aspect of joint capsule
Middle of oblique popliteal ligament

31
Q

Attachments of medial collateral ligament (5)

A 
Medial condyle of tibia above groove for semimembranosus 
Joint capsule
Medial meniscus
Medial surface of tibia
Lateral epicondyle of femur
32
Q

Attachments of lateral collateral ligament

A

Lateral epicondyle superior to groove for tendon of popliteus
Apex of fibula

33
Q

Attachments of anterior cruciate ligament (3)

A

Anterior surface of tibia in intercondylar area
Between anterior horns of menisci
Lateral condyle of the femur

34
Q

Functions of the ACL

A

Limits medial rotation of the knee

Prevents hypertension

35
Q

Attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament (3)

A

Posterior tibia in the intercondylar area
Medial side of ACL
Anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle

36
Q

Functions of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents anterior translation of femur on tibia

Prevents posterior translation of tibia on femur

37
Q

Bursae of the knee (8)

A 
Suprapatellar
Popliteal 
Anserine
Medial subtendinous bursa of gastroc 
Semimembranosus
Subcutaneous prepatellar
Superficial infrapatellar
Deep infrapatellar
38
Q

Function of the suprapatellar bursa

A

Separates tendon of quadriceps from femur

39
Q

Function of popliteal bursa

A

Separates popliteus from lateral tibial condyle

40
Q

Function of anserine bursa

A

Separates pes anserine group from tibia and tibial collateral ligament

41
Q

Functions of medial sub tendonis bursa of gastroc

A

Separates medial head of gastroc from tibia

42
Q

Functions of semimembranosus bursa

A

Separates distal attachment of semimembranosus from tibia

43
Q

Function of subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

A

Allows free movement of skin over patella

44
Q

Function of superficial infrapatellar bursa

A

Located in between skin and tibial tuberosity, protects knee in kneeling

45
Q

Function of deep infrapatellar bursa

A

Allows motion of patellar ligament over anterior surface of tibia

Anatomy (7 decks)

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