The Kidneys

Question 0

Blood supply to the kidneys

Answer 0

Oxygenated blood from renal artery.

Deoxygenated blood removed by the renal vein.

Question 1

Structure of the kidneys

Answer 1

The outer region is the renal cortex.
The inner region is the medulla
The central region is the pelvis which leads to the ureter.

Question 2

Role of the kidneys

Answer 2

Removal of waste products from the blood

Question 3

Bowman’s capsule role and fluid composition.

Answer 3

Ultrafiltration.
Molecules less than 69000 rmm
(Water, glucose, salts, amino-acids, urea)

Question 4

Proximal convoluted tubule role and composition.

Answer 4

Selective reabsorption

Urea, water and salts.

Question 5

Loop of Henle role and fluid composition.

Answer 5

Creates a water potential gradient between medulla and capillaries.
Urea, some water and salts.

Question 6

Distal convoluted tubule role and fluid composition.

Answer 6

Reabsorption of water

Urea, some water, some salts.

Question 7

Collecting duct role

Answer 7

Reabsorption of water

Contains very little water, urea, little salts.

Question 8

Layers and function of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 8

Afferent arteriole is larger than efferent arteriole to increase pressure. Filtrate is forced through endothelial cells of the capillaries.
Basement membrane filters molecules of 69000 rmm or more into capillaries.
Podocyte - projections raise cells off basement membrane allowing filtrate movement through the cells.