the kidney + nephrons

Question 1

state 2 functions of the kidney

Answer 1

• removes urea
• controls water potential of blood plasma

Question 2

how is blood supplied to the kidney?

Answer 2

renal artery

Question 3

how is blood drained from the kidney?

Answer 3

renal vein

Question 4

what is the outer layer of the kidney?

Answer 4

fibrous capsule

Question 5

what is the inner layer of the kidney?

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

what are the sections in the cortex?

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

what is the region surrounding the renal artery & vein?

Answer 7

pelvis

Question 8

what is the extension outside the kidney?

Answer 8

ureter

Question 9

where is the glomerulus located?

Answer 9

large structure within the bowman’s capsule

Question 10

describe the location of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 10

tube below glomerulus

Question 11

describe the location of the descending loop of henle

Answer 11

thinner tube below PCT

Question 12

describe the location of the ascending loop of henle

Answer 12

wider tube above descending loop

Question 13

describe the location of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 13

top of ascending loop above collecting duct

Question 14

describe the pathway of blood through the nephron

Answer 14

• renal artery
• afferent arteriole
• glomerulus
• efferent arteriole
• renal vein

Question 15

describe the pathway of fluid through the nephron to produce urine

Answer 15

• renal artery
• afferent arteriole
• glomerulus
• proximal convoluted tubule
• descending loop of henle
• ascending loop of henle
• diastal convoluted tubule
• collecting duct

Question 16

state the 3 roles of the nephron and where these take place

Answer 16

• ultrafiltration = afferent arteriole is wider which creates hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus; glucose, water and amino acids forced out
• selective reabsorption = low water potential in PCT so water, glucose and amino acids reabsorbed
• water reabsorption = negative water potential in medulla tissue fluid leads to water reuptake in DCT

Question 17

how is the Bowmans capsule adapted to perform its function?

Answer 17

• layers
• provide surface area for filtration

Question 18

state the layers of the Bowmans capsule

Answer 18

• podocytes
• basement membrane
• porous endothelium

Question 19

describe the basement membrane

Answer 19

• collagen & glycoproteins
• molecules in blood plasma are mostly small enough to pass through

Question 20

describe the podocytes

Answer 20

• additional filter
• extensions called pedicels wrap around capillary, forming slits
• ensures that any blood cells or large proteins which didn’t get across basement membrane don’t enter filtrate