The Judiciary

Question 1

Lame Duck

Answer 1

An executive or legislative during the period just before the end of a term of office, when the power and influence are considered to be diminished.

Mark was a lame duck as his term was coming to an end and this frustrated him.

Question 2

Jurisdiction

Answer 2

Authority vested in a particular court to hear a case first, usually in a trail. These courts determine the facts of a case

The court had jurisdiction over the one county only.

Question 3

Original Jurisdiction

Answer 3

The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These courts determine the facts of a case.

The court had original jurisdiction over the case so they made the ruling.

Question 4

Appellate Jurisdiction

Answer 4

The power vested in particular courts to review and or revise the decision of a lower court.

The appellate jurisdiction allowed the judges to rehear a case that was decided by the lower court

Question 5

Federalist NO. 78

Answer 5

A federalist papers essay authored by Alexander Hamilton that covers the role of the federal judiciary, including the power of judicial review.

Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist paper No.78 help make the structure for the Judicial review.

Question 6

Judiciary act of 1789

Answer 6

Legislative act that established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system.

The judiciary act of 1789 created the court system.

Question 7

John Jay

Answer 7

A member of the founding generation who was the first chief justice of the United States. A diplomat and a co-author of the Federalist Papers.

John Jay and the other original judges helped to pave the way for the court system.

Question 8

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 8

A civil insurrection in 1794 that was put down by the military force by President George Washington thereby confirming the power of the new national government

The whiskey rebellion showed that the federal government did not have enough power.

Question 9

Chisholm v Gerogia

Answer 9

A supreme court case that allowed U.S. citizens to bring a lawsuit against states in which they did not reside overturned by the eleventh amendment

Chisholm v Georgia is what allowed Josh to sue his state because of the new law.

Question 10

Eleventh Amendment

Answer 10

An amendment adopted in in 1789 protecting states from being sued in federal court by a citizen of a different state or country.

The eleventh amendment made it so Amanda could not sue her state.

Question 11

John Marshall

Answer 11

The longest serving Supreme Court chief justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1836. Marshall’s decision in Marbury v Madison established the principle of judicial review in the United States

John Marshall was the most influential supreme court judge in history.

Question 12

Judicial Review

Answer 12

Power of the courts to review acts of review acts of other branches of government and the states

Judicial Review is the most important power of the supreme court.

Question 13

Marbury v Madison

Answer 13

Case in which the Supreme Court that asserted the power of judicial review by finding that part part of the congressional statute extending the Court’s original jurisdiction was unconstitutional.

Marbury v Madison is one of the most important supreme court history.

Question 14

Trial Court

Answer 14

Court of original jurisdiction where cases begin

All cases must go through a trail court before they move ti the supreme court.

Question 15

Appellate Court

Answer 15

Court that generally reviews only findings of law made by lower courts.

Amanda took her case to the appellate court when the trail court did not make the decision she wanted.

Question 16

Constitutional Courts

Answer 16

Federal courts specifically created by the U.S. constitution or by congress pursuant to its authority in Article lll.

Kyle took his case to the constitutional courts to get a better decision.

Question 17

Legislative Courts

Answer 17

Courts established by congress for specialized purpose, such as the Court of appeals for veteran claims.

Jax went to the legislative court for veteran claims when he wanted to complain about not getting proper care once he left the army.

Question 18

Brief

Answer 18

A document containing the legal written arguments in a case filed with a court by a party prior to a hearing or trial.

The judge had to read the brief before she heard the case.

Question 19

Precedent

Answer 19

A prior judicial decisions that serves as a rule for setting subsequent cases of a similar nature

Roe v Wade set the precedent for cases concerning abortion and rights to your body.

Question 20

Stare decisis

Answer 20

in court rulings, a reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases

Judges use the stare decisis to make decisions on case with similar issues.

Question 21

Senatorial courtesy

Answer 21

A process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination bu simply registering their objection

Senator Megan filed a senatorial courtesy because she did not like the judge the president nominated.

Question 22

Sandra Day O’Conner

Answer 22

An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1981-2005 who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as the first woman to serve on the court.

Sandra Day O’Conner made history by becoming the first women on the supreme court.

Question 23

Elena Kagan

Answer 23

An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by President Barack Obama in 2009 while she was serving as solicitor general in his administration.

Elena Kagan has made important decisions for the United States.

Question 24

Write of Certiorari

Answer 24

A request for the Supreme Court to order up the records from a lower court to review the case.

The man ordered the supreme court to get a write of certiorari.

Question 25

Rule of Four

Answer 25

At least four of the Supreme Court must vote to consider a cause before it can be heard.

The case did not apply to the rule of four so the supreme court did not hear it

Question 26

Solicitor General

Answer 26

The fourth-ranking member of the Department of Justice: responsible for handling nearly all appeals on behalf of the U.S. government to the Supreme Court

The solicitor general of the United states is Noel Francisco

Question 27

Amicus Curiae

Answer 27

“Friend of the court” amici may file briefs or even appear to argue their interest orally before the court.

Amanda decided to give the court an Amicus Curiae.

Question 28

Plurality Opinion

Answer 28

A type of judicial opinion, the reasoning of which is agreed to by fewer than a majority of judges on a court; although it resolves the particular case, the opinion does not establish a binding precedent.

The case got a plurality opinion from the judges.

Question 29

Concurring Opinion

Answer 29

A type of judicial opinion issued by a minority of judges on a court who agree with the outcome of a case but wishes to express different legal reasoning

The judges had a concurring opinion about the case so they had to explain their reasoning

Question 30

Dissenting Opinion

Answer 30

A type of judicial opinion issued by minority of judges on a court who disagree with the outcome of a case and wish to explain their legal reasoning.

The court had a dissenting opinion so they had to explain why.

Question 31

Judicial Restraint

Answer 31

A philosophy of judicial decision making that posits courts should allow the decisions of other branches of government to stand even when they offend a judge’s own principles

Judicial restraint took away some of the power of the supreme court.

Question 32

Judicial activism

Answer 32

A philosophy of judicial decision making that posits judges should use their power broadly to further justice.

Judicial Activism helped to expand the power of the Supreme Court.

Question 33

Strict Constructionist

Answer 33

An approach to constitutional interpretation that emphasizes interpreting the constitution as it was originally written and intended bu the framers.

Judges of the Supreme Court use strict constructionist to help make decisions about cases.

Question 34

Judicial Implementation

Answer 34

How and weather judicial decisions are translated into actual public policies affecting more than immediate parties to a lawsuit.

Judicial Implementation is how the Supreme Court makes laws