The issue of cross-cultural moral disagreement

Question 1

descriptive moral realism

Answer 1

-aquinas unaware of cultures today
-there are vastly different moral beliefs across cultures
-fletcher: this is evidence theres no innate god given ability of reason to discover NL, we should expect more moral agreement
-strengt of freud/criticism of aquinas

Question 2

freud

Answer 2

-that it is society which conditions our moral views.
-There either is no NML or human reason is unable to discover it.
-So, what Aquinas thought was human nature was really just his culture.

Question 3

However, there do seem to be some core similarities in cultures

Answer 3

-similar between moralities of different cultures such as not killing for no reason + rules about stealing
-reproduction+ education r universal
-Moral thinkers from different cultures came up with similar moral prescriptions such as the golden rule: treat others as u wish to be treated
-This could be taken to show that moral views are determined by a universal human moral nature.

Question 4

alternative explanation

Answer 4

-might be biologically evolved morality rather than one designed by god
-however, which would mean it is not related to a telos designed by God.

Question 5

alternative no.2

Answer 5

-might result from basic requirement of a society to function
-if anyone could kill/steal from anyone else for no reason whenever they wanted, its hard to see how a society could exist
-might create existential pressure which influences moral thinkers of society, yielding prescriptions such as golden rule
-ittherefore has practical reality as its basis, not god + not only evolution