The invasion of land Flashcards
what kinds of problems did plants have to deal with when they transitioned from water to land
- avoiding desiccation
- developing support
- reproducing
What is the evolution of plants
initially evolved in seawater
then moved into freshwater
then onto land
What are the 2 major plant divisions
- Vascular
- Nonvascular
what are the characteristics of Vascular plants
- Majority of modern land plants
- Specialized cells for transporting water and nutrients
Examples: Flowers, trees, ferns
What are the characteristics of Nonvascular plants
- First to appear on earth
- No specialized cells for water and nutrient
- Live in moist areas
examples: Liverworts, hornworts, mosses
From what did the Vascular plants evolve
From green algae
Define Cutin
Found in outer wall layers, Prevents
- Drying up
- entry of parasites
- Oxidation
-UV damage
Define Roots
Evolved to allow greater access to water and nutrients
- also provides support
Define Leaves
provide light gathering system for photosynthesis
What is the earliest seedless vascular land plant
Cooksonia
What is the process of Spore-bearing generation
- Spore bearing structures on the bottom of each leaf
- The spores travel through water and spores germinate an and grow into gametophyte plants
-The Gametophyte matures - it gets fertilized
what is the process of Seed Plants
- Sperm and Egg fertilized through pollen
- it turns into gymnosperm plant a seed
- then a seedling
- becomes a plant
How did animals transition to land
arthropods follow plants in Silurian
- then amphibians follow plants and arthropods
What barriers do animals face that are similar to life on land as plants
- Drying up
- Gravity
- Reproduction
- Respiration
Who were the first vertebrates to live on land
Amphibians
