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computer science > the internet & its uses > Flashcards

the internet & its uses Flashcards

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1
Q

the internet

A

a worldwide connection of interconnected networks

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2
Q

the world wide web

A

software that connects to a domain name server [DNS] to locate IP addresses

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3
Q

the internet vs the world wide web

A

THE INTERNET
- users can send/receive emails
- allows online chatting
- makes use of TCP and IP (transmission, internet protocols)
- a worldwide connection of interconnected networks

WWW
- collection of multimedia web pages & other information on websites
- URL’s used to specify the location of web pages
- web resources are accessed by web browsers
- uses the internet to access information from web servers

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4
Q

URL

A
  • uniform resource locators
  • a text-based address for web pages
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5
Q

URL format

A

protocol://website address/path/file name

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6
Q

web browser

A
  • software that connects to a domain name
    server (DNS) to locate IP addresses
  • a browser interprets HTML web pages sent to a user’s computer so that the user can read documents and watch multimedia
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7
Q

HTML

A
  • hypertext mark-up language
  • the language used to design, display and format web pages, and to write http(s) protocols
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8
Q

https

A
  • hypertext transfer protocol secure
  • http with extra security (such as SSL) applied
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9
Q

hyperlink

A
  • highlighted text or an image that is activated by
    clicking and links to further text, images, a web page or a website
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10
Q

website address

A
  • domain host: www
  • domain name: website name
  • domain type: .com, .org, .in
  • country code: .uk, .de
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11
Q

http

A
  • hypertext transfer protocol
  • a set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring files across the internet
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12
Q

web browser features

A
  • have a home page
  • can store a users favourite website/web page [bookmarks]
  • keep account of users website history
  • allow the user to navigate forwards and backwards though websites/webpages
  • many websites can be opened at the same time, using tabs
  • use cookies
    -use hyperlinks: allow navigation between websites/pages
    data is stored in cache
  • make use of JavaScript
  • use an address bar
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13
Q

retrieval and location of web pages

A
  • user opens browser and types in the URL
  • browser asks DNS server for the IP address for the website
  • if the server can’t find the website in its database or cache, it sends out a request to another DNS server
  • if the other DNS finds the IP address, it sends it back to the original DNS
  • the DNS stores the IP address of URL into its cache/database
  • IP address is sent back to the computer
  • computer sets up a communication with the website server and the required pages are downloaded
  • HTML files are sent and the browser interprets it and displays the information on the users computer
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14
Q

DNS

A
  • domain name server
  • system for finding IP addresses for a domain name in a given URL
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15
Q

cookies

A
  • a text file sent from a website to a users browser
  • used to remember user preferences each time they visit the website
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16
Q

session cookies

A
  • a cookie that is stored temporarily on a computer
  • it is deleted when the browser is closed or when the website session ends
17
Q

user preferences

A
  • settings or options stored in cookies that can remember customised web pages or indicate browsing history and target adverts
18
Q

virtual shopping basket

A
  • area of memory in a website where items a user wished to purchase are temporarily stored, until a payment is made and the session ends
19
Q

persistent cookies

A
  • a cookie that is stored on the users hard drive
  • is only deleted when the expiry date is reached or the user deletes it
  • advantage: used for login details, don’t need to type each time
  • user details are usually encrypted
  • efficient
20
Q

cookies [login first time]

A
  • users browser requests webpage from the website for the first time
  • web server replies and sends cookie pack to users browser
  • if persistent cookie: stored on hard drive
  • if session cookie: stored in temporary memory
  • web browser is closed [persistent remains stored]
21
Q

cookies [logs in again]

A
  • user logs into website
  • web server checks and identifies persistent cookies stored on computer along with user presences
22
Q

uses of permanent cookies

A
  • allows website to remember user passwords, emails, don’t have to input the information every time
  • serve as a memory, enabling websites to recognise the user
  • save users items in a virtual shopping cart
  • track internet habits and users history/favs
  • targets users by advertising matching their previous purchases or surfing habits
  • stores user preferences
  • used in online financial transactions
  • tracks progress in online games and quizzes
  • allow social networking sites to recognise certain preferences and browsing histories
  • allows different languages to be used on the web pages as soon as the user logs in
23
Q

html

A
  • hypertext mark-up language
  • the language used to design, display and format web pages and to write http(s) protocols

computer science (3 decks)

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