the internet & its uses

Question 1

the internet

Answer 1

a worldwide connection of interconnected networks

Question 2

the world wide web

Answer 2

software that connects to a domain name server [DNS] to locate IP addresses

Question 3

the internet vs the world wide web

Answer 3

THE INTERNET
- users can send/receive emails
- allows online chatting
- makes use of TCP and IP (transmission, internet protocols)
- a worldwide connection of interconnected networks

WWW
- collection of multimedia web pages & other information on websites
- URL’s used to specify the location of web pages
- web resources are accessed by web browsers
- uses the internet to access information from web servers

Question 4

URL

Answer 4

• uniform resource locators
• a text-based address for web pages

Question 5

URL format

Answer 5

protocol://website address/path/file name

Question 6

web browser

Answer 6

• software that connects to a domain name
  server (DNS) to locate IP addresses
• a browser interprets HTML web pages sent to a user’s computer so that the user can read documents and watch multimedia

Question 7

HTML

Answer 7

• hypertext mark-up language
• the language used to design, display and format web pages, and to write http(s) protocols

Question 8

https

Answer 8

• hypertext transfer protocol secure
• http with extra security (such as SSL) applied

Question 9

hyperlink

Answer 9

• highlighted text or an image that is activated by
  clicking and links to further text, images, a web page or a website

Question 10

website address

Answer 10

• domain host: www
• domain name: website name
• domain type: .com, .org, .in
• country code: .uk, .de

Question 11

http

Answer 11

• hypertext transfer protocol
• a set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring files across the internet

Question 12

web browser features

Answer 12

• have a home page
• can store a users favourite website/web page [bookmarks]
• keep account of users website history
• allow the user to navigate forwards and backwards though websites/webpages
• many websites can be opened at the same time, using tabs
• use cookies
  -use hyperlinks: allow navigation between websites/pages
  data is stored in cache
• make use of JavaScript
• use an address bar

Question 13

retrieval and location of web pages

Answer 13

• user opens browser and types in the URL
• browser asks DNS server for the IP address for the website
• if the server can’t find the website in its database or cache, it sends out a request to another DNS server
• if the other DNS finds the IP address, it sends it back to the original DNS
• the DNS stores the IP address of URL into its cache/database
• IP address is sent back to the computer
• computer sets up a communication with the website server and the required pages are downloaded
• HTML files are sent and the browser interprets it and displays the information on the users computer

Question 14

DNS

Answer 14

• domain name server
• system for finding IP addresses for a domain name in a given URL

Question 15

cookies

Answer 15

• a text file sent from a website to a users browser
• used to remember user preferences each time they visit the website

Question 16

session cookies

Answer 16

• a cookie that is stored temporarily on a computer
• it is deleted when the browser is closed or when the website session ends

Question 17

user preferences

Answer 17

• settings or options stored in cookies that can remember customised web pages or indicate browsing history and target adverts

Question 18

virtual shopping basket

Answer 18

• area of memory in a website where items a user wished to purchase are temporarily stored, until a payment is made and the session ends

Question 19

persistent cookies

Answer 19

• a cookie that is stored on the users hard drive
• is only deleted when the expiry date is reached or the user deletes it
• advantage: used for login details, don’t need to type each time
• user details are usually encrypted
• efficient

Question 20

cookies [login first time]

Answer 20

• users browser requests webpage from the website for the first time
• web server replies and sends cookie pack to users browser
• if persistent cookie: stored on hard drive
• if session cookie: stored in temporary memory
• web browser is closed [persistent remains stored]

Question 21

cookies [logs in again]

Answer 21

• user logs into website
• web server checks and identifies persistent cookies stored on computer along with user presences

Question 22

uses of permanent cookies

Answer 22

• allows website to remember user passwords, emails, don’t have to input the information every time
• serve as a memory, enabling websites to recognise the user
• save users items in a virtual shopping cart
• track internet habits and users history/favs
• targets users by advertising matching their previous purchases or surfing habits
• stores user preferences
• used in online financial transactions
• tracks progress in online games and quizzes
• allow social networking sites to recognise certain preferences and browsing histories
• allows different languages to be used on the web pages as soon as the user logs in

Question 23

html

Answer 23

• hypertext mark-up language
• the language used to design, display and format web pages and to write http(s) protocols