The Internet

Question 1

Bit rate

Answer 1

The number of bits that are transferred per second, typically measured in Kbps, Mbps, Gbps.

Question 2

Bandwidth

Answer 2

The maximum bit rate of a network connection

Question 3

Latency

Answer 3

The time elapsed between sending a message and the recipient receiving the message

Question 4

IP (Internet Protocol)

Answer 4

The protocol that determines how to address nodes on the network (with IP addresses) and how to route data from one node to a destination node (using routers)

Breaks messages into packets and addresses them

Question 5

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Answer 5

The protocol that is in charge of splitting data into small packets and reliably transmitting the packets to a destination

Question 6

DNS (Domain Name System)

Answer 6

A hierarchical system of name servers that are responsible for mapping domain names (like khanacademy.org) to IP addresses

The service that translates URLs to IP addresses

Question 7

TLS (Transport Layer Security)

Answer 7

A protocol that adds a layer of encryption to TCP/IP connection, necessary for sending data privately across the internet

Question 8

Symmetric encryption

Answer 8

A technique for encrypting data where the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt data

Question 9

Public key encryption

Answer 9

An asymmetric encryption technique that uses different keys for encrypting versus decrypting data

Question 10

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Answer 10

The protocol that powers the web, used to request webpages from servers and submit form data to servers

Question 11

HTTPS (HTTP Secure)

Answer 11

The combination of the HTTP and TLS protocols to create secured connections to websites

Question 12

Cookie

Answer 12

A small amount of text that tracks information about a user visiting a website

Question 13

Distributed Denial-of-Service attacks (DDoS)

Answer 13

A cyber attack that floods a server with an enormous number of requests, so that it does not have the resources to service normal user requests

Question 14

Virus

Answer 14

A type of computer malware that hides within the source code of another program

Question 15

Antivirus software

Answer 15

An application that attempts to detect and remove computer malware downloaded to a computer

Question 16

Firewall

Answer 16

A system that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic to a computer and filters out unwanted traffic

Question 17

Phishing

Answer 17

An attack where a user is tricked into revealing private information, often via a deceptive email

Question 18

IP address

Answer 18

The number assigned to any item connected to the Internet

Question 19

Packets

Answer 19

Small chunks of info that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of info

Question 20

Router

Answer 20

• Networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks
• Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet
• Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets