The internet

Question 1

What is a network?

Answer 1

It is a group of computers or other devices which are connected to each other.

Question 2

What is the Internet?

Answer 2

The internet is a network of networks.

Question 3

In simple words, how does the internet work?

Answer 3

The internet works by connecting devices and computer systems together using a set of standardized protocols.

Question 4

What is a more detailed version of how the internet works?

Answer 4

1. the internet is made up of a global network of interconnected routers.
2. These routers are responsible for directing traffic between different devices and systems.
3. data is sent over the internet and broken into small packets that are sent from your device to a router.
4. the router examines the packet and forwards it to the next router in the path towards its destination, until it reaches the final destination.

Question 5

What is a packet?

Answer 5

A small unit of data that is transmitted over the internet.

Question 6

What is a router?

Answer 6

A device that directs packets of data between different networks

Question 7

What is an IP address?

Answer 7

A unique identifier assigned to each device on a network used to route data to the correct destination.

Question 8

What is a domain name?

Answer 8

A human-readable name that is used to identify a website.

Question 9

What is the domain name system (DNS)?

Answer 9

The Domain Name System is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses.

Question 10

What does HTTP do?

Answer 10

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used to transfer data between a client (such as a web browser) and a server (such as a website).

Question 11

What is HTTPS?

Answer 11

An encrypted version of HTTP that is used to provide secure communication between a client and server.

Question 12

What are SSL/TLS?

Answer 12

The Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols are used to provide secure communication over the internet.

Question 13

What is a protocol?

Answer 13

A protocol is a set of rules and standards that define how information is exchanged between devices and systems.

Question 14

What are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) used for?

Answer 14

TCP and UDP ensure that packets are transmitted reliably and efficiently

Question 15

What is IP and what does it do?

Answer 15

It stands for Internet Protocol and it is responsible for routing packets of data to their correct destination

Question 16

How are IP addresses represented?

Answer 16

IP addresses are typically represented as a series of four numbers separated by periods, such as “192.168.1.1”.

Question 17

How does DNS (Domain name system) translate Domain names into IP addresses.

Answer 17

1. When you enter a domain name into your web browser, your computer sends a DNS query to a DNS server, which returns the corresponding IP address.
2. Your computer then uses that IP address to connect to the website or other resource you’ve requested.

Question 18

How do HTTP and HTTPS transfer data between a client and a server?

Answer 18

1. When you visit a website, your web browser sends an HTTP request to the server, asking for the webpage or other resource you’ve requested.
2. The server then sends an HTTP response back to the client, containing the requested data.
3. HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP.
4. It encrypts the data being transmitted between the client and server using SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) encryption. This provides an additional layer of security, helping to protect sensitive information such as login credentials, payment information, and other personal data.

Question 19

What is the underlying communication protocol used by most internet-based applications and services?

Answer 19

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

Question 20

What are ports?

Answer 20

Ports are used to identify the application or service running on a device. Each application or service is assigned a unique port number, allowing data to be sent to the correct destination.

Question 21

What are sockets?

Answer 21

A socket is a combination of an IP address and a port number, representing a specific endpoint for communication. Sockets are used to establish connections between devices and transfer data between applications.

Question 22

What are connections?

Answer 22

A connection is established between two sockets when two devices want to communicate with each other. During the connection establishment process, the devices negotiate various parameters such as the maximum segment size and window size, which determine how data will be transmitted over the connection.

Question 23

What are certificates?

Answer 23

SSL/TLS certificates are used to establish trust between the client and server. They contain information about the identity of the server and are signed by a trusted third party (a Certificate Authority) to verify their authenticity.

Question 24

What is a handshake in SSL/TLS?

Answer 24

During the SSL/TLS handshake process, the client and server exchange information to negotiate the encryption algorithm and other parameters for the secure connection.