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Chapter 8 Skin Physiology > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the skins functions

A

Skin Physiology

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2
Q

Microscopic study of the skins tissues

A

Skin Histology

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3
Q

made up of the skin and its layers

A

Integumentary System

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4
Q

Study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment

A

Dermatology

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5
Q

physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails

A

Dermatologist

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6
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skin

A

Protection, Absorption, Secretion, Regulation, Sensation

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7
Q

Major protein substance that contains several chemical elements such as carbon oxygen hydrogen

A

Keratin

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8
Q

What are fingernails and hair made of

A

hard keratin

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9
Q

What is skin made of

A

Soft Keratin

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10
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous

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11
Q

The outermost, protective layer of skin. Primarily made of keratinocytes

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum

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13
Q

Top, toughest layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum Corneum

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14
Q

Layer of the epidermis that is thickest on palms and soles of feet, with no hair follicles

A

Stratum Lucidum

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15
Q

Layer of the epidermis where the primary function of protection begins

A

Stratum Granulosum

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16
Q

Layer of the epidermis that contains T Cells, and is 8 to 10 layers of spines

A

Stratum Spinosum

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17
Q

The lowest layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum Germinativum

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18
Q

Give skin its color

A

Melanocytes

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19
Q

Touch receptors, or sensory cells that are only found in thick skin

A

Merkel Cells

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20
Q

Intracellular vesicles which maintain melanin produced from melanocytes

A

Melanosomes

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21
Q

What is the chemical conversion of living cells to dead protein cells called

A

Keratinization

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22
Q

Intercellular connections that tightly interconnect with keratinocytes

A

Desmosomes

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23
Q

Transparent layer between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

A

Stratum Lucidum

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24
Q

Layer of the epidermis that contains cells that look like tiny granules which also replace the cells in the stratum corneum

A

Stratum Granulosum

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25
Q

Cells that help protect the body from infection by ‘’seeing’’ antigens

A

Langerhans Cells

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26
Q

Cells that continuously divide through mitosis

A

Basal Cells

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27
Q

Touch receptors or sensory cells that are found in thick skin

A

Merkel Cells

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28
Q

Layer of skin made of connective tissue

A

Dermis

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29
Q

Cells that aid in production of collagen and elastin

A

Fibroblast Cells

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30
Q

Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue

A

Elastin

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31
Q

Strong protein that strengthens and gives skin structure. Also a major component of wound healing.

A

Collagen

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32
Q

Cells that respond to allergies by releasing histamines

A

Mast Cells

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33
Q

What are the 4 main receptors for sensation called

A

Meissners Corpuscles, Ruffini’s Corpuscles, Pacimian Corpuscles, Krause’s End Bulbs

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34
Q

Touch receptor within the dermal layer of the skin that reports cold, fine touch, light pressure, and low frequency vibrations

A

Meissners Corpuscles

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35
Q

Sensory cell, heat receptor within the dermal layer of the skin sensitive to long term pressure

A

Ruffini’s Corpuscles

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36
Q

Deep pressure and paid receptor within the dermal layer of the skin

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

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37
Q

Pressure and pain receptor within the dermal layer of the skin

A

Krause’s End Bulbs

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38
Q

Sweat gland located under the arm, in the genital area, and the nipple. Secretes an odorless substance, which is triggered by emotions rather than hormones.

A

Apocrine Gland

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39
Q

Sweat glands located throughout the entire body. Most abundant on the forehead, the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Open directly onto the skin’s surface through pores, not associated with hair follicles

A

Eccrine Glands

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40
Q

Also called oil gland or duct gland. Part of the integumentary system that secretes into canal like structures, or ducts and deposits its contents on the surface of the skin.

A

Sebaceous Glands

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41
Q

Gland that produces sweat, a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes, and lactic acid

A

Sudoriferous Gland

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42
Q

Protective layer of the skin formed by a mixture of sebum and sweat combined with lipids, minerals and moisture

A

Acid Mantle

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43
Q

Muscle attached to hair follicles. Pushes sebum from glands to openings. Contract reflexively in response to cold.

A

Arrector Pili

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44
Q

Bottom layer of the skin that insulated and acts as a shock absorber to protect the bones, and help support other delicate structures. Also called the subdermis or subcutis.

A

Subcutaneous Layer

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45
Q

What are the 5 types of tissue

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nerve, Liquid

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46
Q

Epithelial tissue is located where

A

Epidermis

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47
Q

Connective tissue is located where

A

Dermis

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48
Q

Muscular tissue is located where

A

Muscles

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49
Q

Nerve tissue is located where

A

Nerves

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50
Q

Liquid tissue is located where

A

Blood and Lymph

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51
Q

What are 4 examples of connective tissue

A

Collagen and Elastin, Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage

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52
Q

Connective tissue that holds bones to other bones

A

Ligaments

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53
Q

Connective tissue that attaches the epidermis to the subcutaneous layer

A

Collagen and Elastin

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54
Q

Connective tissue that ties muscles to bone

A

Tendons

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55
Q

Connective tissue that lines parts of bones that would otherwise rub against each other, AKA joints

A

Cartilage

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56
Q

Outermost layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

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57
Q

Skin’s main support system

A

Dermis

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58
Q

Provides a protective barrier

A

Epidermis

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59
Q

True skin

A

Dermis

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60
Q

Insulated and acts as a shock absorber

A

Subcutaneous Layer

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61
Q

Body’s cushioning

A

Subcutaneous layer

62
Q

Process of absorption into the skin

A

Transdermal Penetration

63
Q

4 primary ways products are absorbed into the skin

A

Pores, Hair Follicles, Intercellular cement, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands

64
Q

Dry, sensitive irritated skin.. excess inflammation in skin linings of nose or lungs.

A

Atopic Dermatitis

65
Q

How to treat Atopic Dermatitis

A

Heavy moisturizing lotions or steroid cremes, humidifier post bath

66
Q

Allergic or non allergic rash, eruption in specific area of contact with substance

A

Contact Dermatitis

67
Q

Redness and scale pinkish yellow patches that have an oily appearance. Form of eczema, usually affects the scalp

A

Dermatitis

68
Q

Non contagious and inherited condition that produces thick, scaly, silvery patches surrounded in red. Not curable

A

Psoriasis

69
Q

How to treat Psoriasis

A

Coal tar preparation, steroid cremes, vitamin A, ultraviolet light therapy, RX

70
Q

Dry moist lesions. An eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge. Non contagious, chronic or acute

A

Eczema

71
Q

Allergic reaction, eruption of wheals or urticaria. rashes that are triggered by release of histamine

A

Hives

72
Q

Discoloration on skins surface, large freckle.

A

Macule

73
Q

Solid formation above skin associated with bug bite or allergic reaction

A

Wheal

74
Q

Small elevation, usually inflammatory, no puss

A

Papule

75
Q

Next step from papule, filled with bacterial fluid and puss

A

Pustule

76
Q

fluid filled elevation caused by localized accumulation of fluid or blood just below the epidermis. AKA blister

A

Vesicle

77
Q

Solid mass within skin, soft or hard, fixed or moving

A

Nodule

78
Q

Abnormal membranous sac with gaseous, liquid, or semi solid substance

A

Cyst

79
Q

Dried mass, remains of oozing sore, scab or sore

A

Crust

80
Q

Mechanical abrasion of epidermis, bright and dar red because of dried blood. Occurs with insect bites, scabs, scratched acne’s

A

Excoriation

81
Q

Shedding of dead skin cells of uppermost layer of epidermis

A

Scale

82
Q

Formation resulting from lesion, extremes to dermis or deeper. Normal during healing process

A

Scar

83
Q

Crack or line in skin as deep as dermis

A

Fissure

84
Q

Open lesion visible on surface of skin, may result in loss of portions of dermis. May be accompanies by puss. Avoid skincare products on this type of lesion.

A

Ulcer

85
Q

Highly contagious viral infection that lies dormant between outbreaks. Causes an eruptive blister like cluster that is typically found on the mucous membranes or skin around the mouth, nose or genial area.

A

Herpes Simplex

86
Q

Condition caused by Varicella-Zoster virus, which is a relative of the herpes family that causes chickenpox AKA shingles

A

Herpes Zoster

87
Q

Highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococcus A organism

A

Impetigo

88
Q

Medical term for ringworm, contagious fungal disease characterized by a red circular patch of blisters, caused by fungal vegetable parasite.

A

Tinea

89
Q

Fungal infection affective the trunk, legs or arms. Characterized by a pink to red rash and itching

A

Tinea Corporis

90
Q

Commonly known as Tri Color Yeast infection or Pityriasis versicolor. A non contagious infection that produces hypopigmented areas, usually on the neck, chest, back, and arms.

A

Tinea Versicolor

91
Q

Viral infection on the top layer of the skin caused by Human Papilloma Virus or HPV, also called a verruca

A

Warts

92
Q

Common skin infection caused by yeast

A

Candida Albicans

93
Q

AKA conjunctivitis, extremely contagious bacterial infection that affects the membrane that lines the eyelids

A

Pink eye

94
Q

Also called xerosis, dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production

A

Aseatosis

95
Q

Skin condition caused by excess secretion of the sebaceous glans, commonly associated with oil skin types

A

Seborrhea

96
Q

Also called a wen, harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum. Considered to be a tumor of the sebaceous gland

A

Steatoma

97
Q

Also called a boil, a painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue that appears as a firm nodule its a central, hard, puss filled core

A

Furuncle

98
Q

Sebaceous gland disorder, group of boils, very painful acute bacterial infection characterized buy inflammation that involves several hair follicles and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue

A

Carbuncle

99
Q

Skin condition, chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which the small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed. Vascular disorder characterized by flushed redness and small red bumps

A

Rosacea

100
Q

skin condition, more severe form of rosacea that causes the tissue of the nose to swell and enlarge

A

Rhinophyma

101
Q

Open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum contact with the air

A

Blackheads

102
Q

Plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated, also referred to as a closed comedo

A

Whitehead

103
Q

Small elevation of the skin, usually inflamed, that does not contain puss

A

Papule

104
Q

Primary lesion, next step in the progression from a papule. filled with bacterial fluid and puss

A

Pustule

105
Q

Pearly white enclosed cyst, also referred to as baby acne

A

Milia

106
Q

Skin condition characterized by inflammatory hard lesions found deeper in the skin at the point where the hair follicle becomes plugged with dead skin cells

A

Nodular Cystic Acne

107
Q

Mild chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half the areas of the face or back

A

Grade 1 Acne

108
Q

Moderate chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of an increased number of open and closed comedones as well as an occasional papule or pustule

A

Grade 2 Acne

109
Q

Moderately severe chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by numerous open and closed comedones, papeles, pustules, and occasional cysts

A

Grade 3 Acne

110
Q

Severe chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of numerous papule and pustules as well as a large number of cysts on the face, chest, and or back

A

Grade 4 Acne

111
Q

Ingredient used to dry and exfoliate

A

Benzoyl Peroxide

112
Q

Medication prescribed by a physician to dry the skin and kill the bacteria that causes acne, rosacea and other skin conditions. will heighten sensitivity and dryness. may be a possible contraindication for exfoliation treatments and waxing

A

Topical Antibiotics

113
Q

Medication prescribed for acne, hyperpigmentation, premature aging and rosacea. can cause dryness, increase sensitivity and irritati9on, contains tretinoin, a powerful derivative of vitamin a that dries the skin and promotes rapid exfoliation

A

Retin A

114
Q

Beta hydroxy acid that mildly dries and promoted cell turnover by producing a mild keratolytic action

A

Salicylic Acid

115
Q

Form of alpha hydroxy acid that is an excellent source of skin renewal and exfoliation since it had the smaller molecular structure of all HAs and can penetrate the skin quickly

A

Glycolic Acid

116
Q

Sometimes called osmidrosis, a foul smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacteria that break down the seat on the surface of the skin

A

Bromidrosis

117
Q

Body condition that identifies a lack of perspiration caused by failure of the sweat glands

A

Anhidrosis

118
Q

Condition involving an over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness

A

Hyperhidrosis

119
Q

Condition characterized by an acute burning, itching rash caused by excessive heat

A

Miliaria Rubra

120
Q

Also called mole, regularly shaped skin growth, harmless collection of pigmented cells. can be raised or flat

A

Benign Growth

121
Q

Skin growth, can be flat or raised and irregular in shape and border

A

pre malignant growths

122
Q

Irregularly shaped, scaly, red pink skin growths that feel rough to the touch and occur on sun exposed areas

A

Actinic Keratosis

123
Q

Common malignant lesion that tends to appear translucent, has irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it

A

Basal Cell Cercinoma

124
Q

Malignant cell growth, an irregular, crusted, ref papule that occurs in sun exposed areas and may be an actinic keratosis that went untreated. These lesions are dangerous and need to be removed.

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

125
Q

Most dangerous skin growth that evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions anywhere on the body. pre cancerous growths that, if untreated, will change in color, size, an shape and, over time, will become malignant.

A

Melanoma

126
Q

What 4 things are important to pay attention to when it comes to skin growths

A

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter

127
Q

Congenital disease that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin

A

Albinism

128
Q

Congenital disorder that occurs when the skin lacks pigmentation due to a decrease in melanocyte activity

A

Leukoderma

129
Q

Acquired skin disease characterized by white patches caused by loss of pigment in melanin cells

A

Vitiligo

130
Q

Birthmark or congenital mole

A

Nevus

131
Q

Also known as a freckle, small yellowish or brownish spot on the skin particularly on the face, hands or neck

A

Lentigo

132
Q

Pigmentation disorder that results from trauma to tissues from acne, burns, injury or some skin rashes such as dermatitis or psoriasis

A

Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation PIH

133
Q

AKA chloasma, a common disorder in pregnant women that results in increased pigmentation causing light to dark patched to occur on the face

A

Melasma

134
Q

Skins natural aging process

A

Intrinsic Aging

135
Q

Also known as skin deterioration,k aging factor caused by external factors within an individuals control, sun exposure, smoking and alcohol

A

Extrinsic Aging

136
Q

Term used to identify conditions that are intense and severe, implies rapid onset

A

Acute

137
Q

Inflammatory disorder of the skin

A

Dermatitis

138
Q

Allergic reaction to certain cosmetics or chemicals, form of contact dermatitis that frequently occurs on the skin or professionals working with wet product

A

Dermatitis Venenata

139
Q

Skin condition involving the swilling of tissue or skin caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissue

A

Edema

140
Q

Redness of the skin caused by dilation or congestion of the capillaries

A

Erythema

141
Q

Study of the cause of diseases, disorders, or conditions

A

Etiology

142
Q

Skin condition involving excess amount of keratin cells production on the stratum corneum, or horny layer of the skin

A

Hyperkeratosis

143
Q

Build up of skin cells on the epidermis

A

Keratosis

144
Q

Signs of illness visible to the eye such as papule, pustules, and redness

A

Objective Symptom

145
Q

Health condition created or influenced by the employment environment

A

Occupational Disorder

146
Q

Skin condition caused by animal or vegetable parasites, such as pediculosis AKA lice, or ringworm

A

Parasitic Disease

147
Q

Study of diseases and disorders, their causes, processes, development and consequences

A

Pathology

148
Q

Medical term predicting the probable course and outcome of a condition, disorder or disease

A

Prognosis

149
Q

Inflammation in the skin that causes sever itching, usually found on un damaged skin

A

Pruritos

150
Q

Skin condition or disorder that is influenced by the weather or seasonal changes

A

Seasonal disease

151
Q

Symptom that can be felt by the client but is not visible to others, such as itching and burning

A

Subjective symptoms

152
Q

Disease that is active internally through the body system

A

Systemic Disease

Chapter 8 Skin Physiology (1 decks)

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