The Integumentary System Flashcards
The study of the skins functions
Skin Physiology
Microscopic study of the skins tissues
Skin Histology
made up of the skin and its layers
Integumentary System
Study of the skin, its structure, functions, diseases and treatment
Dermatology
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skin, hair, and nails
Dermatologist
What are the 6 functions of the skin
Protection, Absorption, Secretion, Regulation, Sensation
Major protein substance that contains several chemical elements such as carbon oxygen hydrogen
Keratin
What are fingernails and hair made of
hard keratin
What is skin made of
Soft Keratin
What are the 3 main layers of the skin
Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous
The outermost, protective layer of skin. Primarily made of keratinocytes
Epidermis
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis
Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum
Top, toughest layer of the epidermis
Stratum Corneum
Layer of the epidermis that is thickest on palms and soles of feet, with no hair follicles
Stratum Lucidum
Layer of the epidermis where the primary function of protection begins
Stratum Granulosum
Layer of the epidermis that contains T Cells, and is 8 to 10 layers of spines
Stratum Spinosum
The lowest layer of the epidermis
Stratum Germinativum
Give skin its color
Melanocytes
Touch receptors, or sensory cells that are only found in thick skin
Merkel Cells
Intracellular vesicles which maintain melanin produced from melanocytes
Melanosomes
What is the chemical conversion of living cells to dead protein cells called
Keratinization
Intercellular connections that tightly interconnect with keratinocytes
Desmosomes
Transparent layer between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Layer of the epidermis that contains cells that look like tiny granules which also replace the cells in the stratum corneum
Stratum Granulosum
Cells that help protect the body from infection by ‘’seeing’’ antigens
Langerhans Cells
Cells that continuously divide through mitosis
Basal Cells
Touch receptors or sensory cells that are found in thick skin
Merkel Cells
Layer of skin made of connective tissue
Dermis
Cells that aid in production of collagen and elastin
Fibroblast Cells
Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue
Elastin
Strong protein that strengthens and gives skin structure. Also a major component of wound healing.
Collagen
Cells that respond to allergies by releasing histamines
Mast Cells
What are the 4 main receptors for sensation called
Meissners Corpuscles, Ruffini’s Corpuscles, Pacimian Corpuscles, Krause’s End Bulbs
Touch receptor within the dermal layer of the skin that reports cold, fine touch, light pressure, and low frequency vibrations
Meissners Corpuscles
Sensory cell, heat receptor within the dermal layer of the skin sensitive to long term pressure
Ruffini’s Corpuscles
Deep pressure and paid receptor within the dermal layer of the skin
Pacinian Corpuscle
Pressure and pain receptor within the dermal layer of the skin
Krause’s End Bulbs
Sweat gland located under the arm, in the genital area, and the nipple. Secretes an odorless substance, which is triggered by emotions rather than hormones.
Apocrine Gland
Sweat glands located throughout the entire body. Most abundant on the forehead, the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Open directly onto the skin’s surface through pores, not associated with hair follicles
Eccrine Glands
Also called oil gland or duct gland. Part of the integumentary system that secretes into canal like structures, or ducts and deposits its contents on the surface of the skin.
Sebaceous Glands
Gland that produces sweat, a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes, and lactic acid
Sudoriferous Gland
Protective layer of the skin formed by a mixture of sebum and sweat combined with lipids, minerals and moisture
Acid Mantle
Muscle attached to hair follicles. Pushes sebum from glands to openings. Contract reflexively in response to cold.
Arrector Pili
Bottom layer of the skin that insulated and acts as a shock absorber to protect the bones, and help support other delicate structures. Also called the subdermis or subcutis.
Subcutaneous Layer
What are the 5 types of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nerve, Liquid
Epithelial tissue is located where
Epidermis
Connective tissue is located where
Dermis
Muscular tissue is located where
Muscles
Nerve tissue is located where
Nerves
Liquid tissue is located where
Blood and Lymph
What are 4 examples of connective tissue
Collagen and Elastin, Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage
Connective tissue that holds bones to other bones
Ligaments
Connective tissue that attaches the epidermis to the subcutaneous layer
Collagen and Elastin
Connective tissue that ties muscles to bone
Tendons
Connective tissue that lines parts of bones that would otherwise rub against each other, AKA joints
Cartilage
Outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
Skin’s main support system
Dermis
Provides a protective barrier
Epidermis
True skin
Dermis
Insulated and acts as a shock absorber
Subcutaneous Layer
Body’s cushioning
Subcutaneous layer
Process of absorption into the skin
Transdermal Penetration
4 primary ways products are absorbed into the skin
Pores, Hair Follicles, Intercellular cement, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands
Dry, sensitive irritated skin.. excess inflammation in skin linings of nose or lungs.
Atopic Dermatitis
How to treat Atopic Dermatitis
Heavy moisturizing lotions or steroid cremes, humidifier post bath
Allergic or non allergic rash, eruption in specific area of contact with substance
Contact Dermatitis
Redness and scale pinkish yellow patches that have an oily appearance. Form of eczema, usually affects the scalp
Dermatitis
Non contagious and inherited condition that produces thick, scaly, silvery patches surrounded in red. Not curable
Psoriasis
How to treat Psoriasis
Coal tar preparation, steroid cremes, vitamin A, ultraviolet light therapy, RX
Dry moist lesions. An eruption of small vesicles and watery discharge. Non contagious, chronic or acute
Eczema
Allergic reaction, eruption of wheals or urticaria. rashes that are triggered by release of histamine
Hives
Discoloration on skins surface, large freckle.
Macule
Solid formation above skin associated with bug bite or allergic reaction
Wheal
Small elevation, usually inflammatory, no puss
Papule
Next step from papule, filled with bacterial fluid and puss
Pustule
fluid filled elevation caused by localized accumulation of fluid or blood just below the epidermis. AKA blister
Vesicle
Solid mass within skin, soft or hard, fixed or moving
Nodule
Abnormal membranous sac with gaseous, liquid, or semi solid substance
Cyst
Dried mass, remains of oozing sore, scab or sore
Crust
Mechanical abrasion of epidermis, bright and dar red because of dried blood. Occurs with insect bites, scabs, scratched acne’s
Excoriation
Shedding of dead skin cells of uppermost layer of epidermis
Scale
Formation resulting from lesion, extremes to dermis or deeper. Normal during healing process
Scar
Crack or line in skin as deep as dermis
Fissure
Open lesion visible on surface of skin, may result in loss of portions of dermis. May be accompanies by puss. Avoid skincare products on this type of lesion.
Ulcer
Highly contagious viral infection that lies dormant between outbreaks. Causes an eruptive blister like cluster that is typically found on the mucous membranes or skin around the mouth, nose or genial area.
Herpes Simplex
Condition caused by Varicella-Zoster virus, which is a relative of the herpes family that causes chickenpox AKA shingles
Herpes Zoster
Highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the Staphylococcus Aureus or Streptococcus A organism
Impetigo
Medical term for ringworm, contagious fungal disease characterized by a red circular patch of blisters, caused by fungal vegetable parasite.
Tinea
Fungal infection affective the trunk, legs or arms. Characterized by a pink to red rash and itching
Tinea Corporis
Commonly known as Tri Color Yeast infection or Pityriasis versicolor. A non contagious infection that produces hypopigmented areas, usually on the neck, chest, back, and arms.
Tinea Versicolor
Viral infection on the top layer of the skin caused by Human Papilloma Virus or HPV, also called a verruca
Warts
Common skin infection caused by yeast
Candida Albicans
AKA conjunctivitis, extremely contagious bacterial infection that affects the membrane that lines the eyelids
Pink eye
Also called xerosis, dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production
Aseatosis
Skin condition caused by excess secretion of the sebaceous glans, commonly associated with oil skin types
Seborrhea
Also called a wen, harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum. Considered to be a tumor of the sebaceous gland
Steatoma
Also called a boil, a painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue that appears as a firm nodule its a central, hard, puss filled core
Furuncle
Sebaceous gland disorder, group of boils, very painful acute bacterial infection characterized buy inflammation that involves several hair follicles and the adjacent subcutaneous tissue
Carbuncle
Skin condition, chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which the small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed. Vascular disorder characterized by flushed redness and small red bumps
Rosacea
skin condition, more severe form of rosacea that causes the tissue of the nose to swell and enlarge
Rhinophyma
Open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum contact with the air
Blackheads
Plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated, also referred to as a closed comedo
Whitehead
Small elevation of the skin, usually inflamed, that does not contain puss
Papule
Primary lesion, next step in the progression from a papule. filled with bacterial fluid and puss
Pustule
Pearly white enclosed cyst, also referred to as baby acne
Milia
Skin condition characterized by inflammatory hard lesions found deeper in the skin at the point where the hair follicle becomes plugged with dead skin cells
Nodular Cystic Acne
Mild chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half the areas of the face or back
Grade 1 Acne
Moderate chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of an increased number of open and closed comedones as well as an occasional papule or pustule
Grade 2 Acne
Moderately severe chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by numerous open and closed comedones, papeles, pustules, and occasional cysts
Grade 3 Acne
Severe chronic inflammatory skin disorder, consists of numerous papule and pustules as well as a large number of cysts on the face, chest, and or back
Grade 4 Acne
Ingredient used to dry and exfoliate
Benzoyl Peroxide
Medication prescribed by a physician to dry the skin and kill the bacteria that causes acne, rosacea and other skin conditions. will heighten sensitivity and dryness. may be a possible contraindication for exfoliation treatments and waxing
Topical Antibiotics
Medication prescribed for acne, hyperpigmentation, premature aging and rosacea. can cause dryness, increase sensitivity and irritati9on, contains tretinoin, a powerful derivative of vitamin a that dries the skin and promotes rapid exfoliation
Retin A
Beta hydroxy acid that mildly dries and promoted cell turnover by producing a mild keratolytic action
Salicylic Acid
Form of alpha hydroxy acid that is an excellent source of skin renewal and exfoliation since it had the smaller molecular structure of all HAs and can penetrate the skin quickly
Glycolic Acid
Sometimes called osmidrosis, a foul smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacteria that break down the seat on the surface of the skin
Bromidrosis
Body condition that identifies a lack of perspiration caused by failure of the sweat glands
Anhidrosis
Condition involving an over production of perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness
Hyperhidrosis
Condition characterized by an acute burning, itching rash caused by excessive heat
Miliaria Rubra
Also called mole, regularly shaped skin growth, harmless collection of pigmented cells. can be raised or flat
Benign Growth
Skin growth, can be flat or raised and irregular in shape and border
pre malignant growths
Irregularly shaped, scaly, red pink skin growths that feel rough to the touch and occur on sun exposed areas
Actinic Keratosis
Common malignant lesion that tends to appear translucent, has irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it
Basal Cell Cercinoma
Malignant cell growth, an irregular, crusted, ref papule that occurs in sun exposed areas and may be an actinic keratosis that went untreated. These lesions are dangerous and need to be removed.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Most dangerous skin growth that evolves from flat or raised pigmented lesions anywhere on the body. pre cancerous growths that, if untreated, will change in color, size, an shape and, over time, will become malignant.
Melanoma
What 4 things are important to pay attention to when it comes to skin growths
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter
Congenital disease that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin
Albinism
Congenital disorder that occurs when the skin lacks pigmentation due to a decrease in melanocyte activity
Leukoderma
Acquired skin disease characterized by white patches caused by loss of pigment in melanin cells
Vitiligo
Birthmark or congenital mole
Nevus
Also known as a freckle, small yellowish or brownish spot on the skin particularly on the face, hands or neck
Lentigo
Pigmentation disorder that results from trauma to tissues from acne, burns, injury or some skin rashes such as dermatitis or psoriasis
Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation PIH
AKA chloasma, a common disorder in pregnant women that results in increased pigmentation causing light to dark patched to occur on the face
Melasma
Skins natural aging process
Intrinsic Aging
Also known as skin deterioration,k aging factor caused by external factors within an individuals control, sun exposure, smoking and alcohol
Extrinsic Aging
Term used to identify conditions that are intense and severe, implies rapid onset
Acute
Inflammatory disorder of the skin
Dermatitis
Allergic reaction to certain cosmetics or chemicals, form of contact dermatitis that frequently occurs on the skin or professionals working with wet product
Dermatitis Venenata
Skin condition involving the swilling of tissue or skin caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissue
Edema
Redness of the skin caused by dilation or congestion of the capillaries
Erythema
Study of the cause of diseases, disorders, or conditions
Etiology
Skin condition involving excess amount of keratin cells production on the stratum corneum, or horny layer of the skin
Hyperkeratosis
Build up of skin cells on the epidermis
Keratosis
Signs of illness visible to the eye such as papule, pustules, and redness
Objective Symptom
Health condition created or influenced by the employment environment
Occupational Disorder
Skin condition caused by animal or vegetable parasites, such as pediculosis AKA lice, or ringworm
Parasitic Disease
Study of diseases and disorders, their causes, processes, development and consequences
Pathology
Medical term predicting the probable course and outcome of a condition, disorder or disease
Prognosis
Inflammation in the skin that causes sever itching, usually found on un damaged skin
Pruritos
Skin condition or disorder that is influenced by the weather or seasonal changes
Seasonal disease
Symptom that can be felt by the client but is not visible to others, such as itching and burning
Subjective symptoms
Disease that is active internally through the body system
Systemic Disease
