The Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

Answer 1

Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis

Question 2

Epidermis: top layer, middle layer, or bottom layer?

Answer 2

top layers

Question 3

Dermis: top layer, middle layer, or bottom layer?

Answer 3

middle layer

Question 4

Hypodermis: top layer, middle layer, or bottom layer?

Answer 4

bottom layer

Question 5

epidermis: vascular or avascular?

Answer 5

avascular
no blood vessels

Question 6

what type of epithelial tissue makes up the epidermis?

Answer 6

stratified squamous

Question 7

what cells are found in the epidermis?

Answer 7

melanocytes

Question 8

what are melanocytes??

Answer 8

melanin secreting cells; melanocytes provide melanin

Question 9

where does the epidermis rest upon?

Answer 9

the basement membrane

Question 10

does the epidermis absorb water?

Answer 10

no.
the epidermis is keratinized

Question 11

how many layers are found in the epidermis?

Answer 11

6 layers
stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 12

what are the 6 layers of the epidermis in order?

Answer 12

stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum grandulosum, stratum spinous, stratum basale

Question 13

what is the function of stratum corneum?

Answer 13

prevent dehydration

Question 14

characteristics of stratum corneum:

Answer 14

horned layer, outermost, keratinized

Question 15

where is stratum lucidium found?

Answer 15

palms and feet

Question 16

characteristics of stratum lucidium:

Answer 16

clear, layers of dead cells

Question 17

characteristics of stratum granulosum:

Answer 17

alive with granules

Question 18

characteristics of stratum spinosum:

Answer 18

thick layer with keratinocyte cells

Question 19

characteristics of stratum basale:

Answer 19

deepest layer; thin layer; active mitosis; melanocytes

Question 20

what cells are in the stratum basale?

Answer 20

melanocytes

Question 21

approximately how thick is the dermis layer?

Answer 21

approx. 1.0 - 2.0 mm thick

Question 22

what does the Dermis contain?

Answer 22

dermal papillae, hair follicles, blood vessels, nerve cells, muscle cells, and glands

Question 23

what type of connective tissue makes up the dermis?

Answer 23

irregular dense connective tissue
(allows the dermis to move in multiple directions)

Question 24

subcutaneous layer =

Answer 24

hypodermis

Question 25

what connective tissue makes up the hypodermis?

Answer 25

loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

Question 26

what layer is the primary location for energy storage?

Answer 26

the hypodermis; contains adipose tissue

Question 27

what does the hypodermic anchor to?

Answer 27

anchors to underlying bone and muscle

Question 28

what are the 3 pigments?

Answer 28

melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

Question 29

what does melanin mainly protect us from?

Answer 29

UV rays; body secrets melanin to block UV radiation

Question 30

where is carotene found?

Answer 30

hair and nails

Question 31

hemoglobin =

Answer 31

blood

Question 32

what is the function of hemoglobin

Answer 32

helps to regulate temp; when we overheat, blood flows to the surface; when we get cold, blood flows closer in the body; changes the color of the skin

Question 33

accessory structures of the skin

Answer 33

hair, nails, and glands

Question 34

what are the sebaceous glands connected to?

Answer 34

typically hair follicles

Question 35

what do sebaceous glands secrete?

Answer 35

sebum

Question 36

characteristics of sebum

Answer 36

oil based secretion, waterproof

Question 37

what is the function of sebum?

Answer 37

prevents dehydration of hair and skin, and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria

Question 38

what do sudoriferous glands produce?

Answer 38

sweat

Question 39

what are the two sweat glands?

Answer 39

eccrine and apocrine

Question 40

what is the function of sweat glands?

Answer 40

thermoregulation

Question 41

what are mammary glands?

Answer 41

specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

Question 42

what are ceruminous glands?

Answer 42

modified apocrine glands that secrete a sticky, bitter substance called cerumen

Question 43

where is the ceruminous gland found?

Answer 43

inner ear

Question 44

function of the ceruminous gland

Answer 44

secrete cerumen which deters insects and blocks foreign matter

Question 45

what are the functions of the skin?

Answer 45

protection, body temperature regulation, sensation, metabolism, blood reservoir, and excretion

Question 46

what are the 3 ways the skin provides protection?

Answer 46

physical barrier, biological barrier, and chemical barrier

Question 47

what is the function of the physical barrier?

Answer 47

limits entry of foreign material

Question 48

what is the function of the biological barrier?

Answer 48

activates immune system, contains dermal macrophages, DNA absorbs UV radiation

Question 49

what is the function of the chemical barrier?

Answer 49

skin secretions (lanocytes) - acidic to slow bacterial growth protected peptides, melanin

Question 50

what is vasodilation?

Answer 50

blood vessels enlarge, open up

Question 51

what is vasoconstriction?

Answer 51

vessels constrict

Question 52

what receptors are found in the epidermis?

Answer 52

touch receptors - Meissner's Corpuscles

Question 53

what do Meissner's corpuscles receptors pick up on?

Answer 53

pick up light touch

Question 54

what receptors are found in the dermis?

Answer 54

touch receptors, pain receptors (nociceptors), temp receptors (thermoreceptors), pressure receptors, hair follicle receptors

Question 55

what are touch receptors associated with?

Answer 55

merkel cells in the epidermis

Question 56

when skin is exposed to sunlight, cholesterol in the blood is converted to...

Answer 56

vitamin D precursor

Question 57

where is UV radiation transported to in order to be metabolized into vitamin D?

Answer 57

liver and kidneys

Question 58

what protein does skin produce?

Answer 58

collagenase

Question 59

how much blood does the skin hold?

Answer 59

holds 5% of blood volume

Question 60

how does skin secrete amounts of nitrogenous waste?

Answer 60

by skin glands