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ES 2040: Ch.5 integumentary system, > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis

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2
Q

Epidermis: top layer, middle layer, or bottom layer?

A

top layers

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3
Q

Dermis: top layer, middle layer, or bottom layer?

A

middle layer

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4
Q

Hypodermis: top layer, middle layer, or bottom layer?

A

bottom layer

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5
Q

epidermis: vascular or avascular?

A

avascular
no blood vessels

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6
Q

what type of epithelial tissue makes up the epidermis?

A

stratified squamous

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7
Q

what cells are found in the epidermis?

A

melanocytes

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8
Q

what are melanocytes??

A

melanin secreting cells; melanocytes provide melanin

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9
Q

where does the epidermis rest upon?

A

the basement membrane

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10
Q

does the epidermis absorb water?

A

no.
the epidermis is keratinized

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11
Q

how many layers are found in the epidermis?

A

6 layers
stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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12
Q

what are the 6 layers of the epidermis in order?

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum grandulosum, stratum spinous, stratum basale

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13
Q

what is the function of stratum corneum?

A

prevent dehydration

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14
Q

characteristics of stratum corneum:

A

horned layer, outermost, keratinized

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15
Q

where is stratum lucidium found?

A

palms and feet

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16
Q

characteristics of stratum lucidium:

A

clear, layers of dead cells

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17
Q

characteristics of stratum granulosum:

A

alive with granules

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18
Q

characteristics of stratum spinosum:

A

thick layer with keratinocyte cells

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19
Q

characteristics of stratum basale:

A

deepest layer; thin layer; active mitosis; melanocytes

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20
Q

what cells are in the stratum basale?

A

melanocytes

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21
Q

approximately how thick is the dermis layer?

A

approx. 1.0 - 2.0 mm thick

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22
Q

what does the Dermis contain?

A

dermal papillae, hair follicles, blood vessels, nerve cells, muscle cells, and glands

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23
Q

what type of connective tissue makes up the dermis?

A

irregular dense connective tissue
(allows the dermis to move in multiple directions)

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24
Q

subcutaneous layer =

A

hypodermis

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25
Q

what connective tissue makes up the hypodermis?

A

loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

26
Q

what layer is the primary location for energy storage?

A

the hypodermis; contains adipose tissue

27
Q

what does the hypodermic anchor to?

A

anchors to underlying bone and muscle

28
Q

what are the 3 pigments?

A

melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin

29
Q

what does melanin mainly protect us from?

A

UV rays; body secrets melanin to block UV radiation

30
Q

where is carotene found?

A

hair and nails

31
Q

hemoglobin =

A

blood

32
Q

what is the function of hemoglobin

A

helps to regulate temp; when we overheat, blood flows to the surface; when we get cold, blood flows closer in the body; changes the color of the skin

33
Q

accessory structures of the skin

A

hair, nails, and glands

34
Q

what are the sebaceous glands connected to?

A

typically hair follicles

35
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

sebum

36
Q

characteristics of sebum

A

oil based secretion, waterproof

37
Q

what is the function of sebum?

A

prevents dehydration of hair and skin, and inhibits the growth of certain bacteria

38
Q

what do sudoriferous glands produce?

A

sweat

39
Q

what are the two sweat glands?

A

eccrine and apocrine

40
Q

what is the function of sweat glands?

A

thermoregulation

41
Q

what are mammary glands?

A

specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

42
Q

what are ceruminous glands?

A

modified apocrine glands that secrete a sticky, bitter substance called cerumen

43
Q

where is the ceruminous gland found?

A

inner ear

44
Q

function of the ceruminous gland

A

secrete cerumen which deters insects and blocks foreign matter

45
Q

what are the functions of the skin?

A

protection, body temperature regulation, sensation, metabolism, blood reservoir, and excretion

46
Q

what are the 3 ways the skin provides protection?

A

physical barrier, biological barrier, and chemical barrier

47
Q

what is the function of the physical barrier?

A

limits entry of foreign material

48
Q

what is the function of the biological barrier?

A

activates immune system, contains dermal macrophages, DNA absorbs UV radiation

49
Q

what is the function of the chemical barrier?

A

skin secretions (lanocytes) - acidic to slow bacterial growth
protected peptides, melanin

50
Q

what is vasodilation?

A

blood vessels enlarge, open up

51
Q

what is vasoconstriction?

A

vessels constrict

52
Q

what receptors are found in the epidermis?

A

touch receptors - Meissner’s Corpuscles

53
Q

what do Meissner’s corpuscles receptors pick up on?

A

pick up light touch

54
Q

what receptors are found in the dermis?

A

touch receptors, pain receptors (nociceptors), temp receptors (thermoreceptors), pressure receptors, hair follicle receptors

55
Q

what are touch receptors associated with?

A

merkel cells in the epidermis

56
Q

when skin is exposed to sunlight, cholesterol in the blood is converted to…

A

vitamin D precursor

57
Q

where is UV radiation transported to in order to be metabolized into vitamin D?

A

liver and kidneys

58
Q

what protein does skin produce?

A

collagenase

59
Q

how much blood does the skin hold?

A

holds 5% of blood volume

60
Q

how does skin secrete amounts of nitrogenous waste?

A

by skin glands

ES 2040: Ch.5 integumentary system, (1 decks)

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